Main Article Content
Abstract
Color pigments in food are unstable and it changed throughout processing. To preserve this crucial organoleptic trait, different colors are added in food all around the world. Colors, especially artificial colors have adverse effects for all consumers particularly children. This study was conducted in a review-based format, and its aim is to familiarize with the application, source of production, permissible limit, and awareness of the adverse effects of their colors. The use of colors in meat and food products has its own special advantages and disadvantages, because on the one way it solves the relevant technological problems, and on the other way, using them can cover up deliberate changes in the composition of the product and the use of poor quality raw materials. The findings of the present research include understanding the side effects of colors and their use in different products.
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References
- Ahmed, M. A., Al-Khalifa, A. S., Al-Nouri, D. M., & El-Din, M. F. S. (2021). Dietary intake of artificial food color additives containing food products by school-going children. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.025
- Castro, T. A., Leite, B. S., Assunção, L. S., de Jesus Freitas, T., Colauto, N. B., Linde, G. A., & Ferreira Ribeiro, C. D. (2021). Red tomato products as an alternative to reduce synthetic dyes in the food industry: A review. Molecules, 26(23), 7125. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237125
- Chávez, L. A. C., García-Barrientos, R., Ortega, L. E. G., Garcia, O. D., & Alvarado, M. I. E. (2019). Natural vs Synthetic Colors. In Flavonoids-A Coloring Model for Cheering up Life. IntechOpen. 10.5772/intechopen.86887
- Coultate, T., & Blackburn, R. S. (2018). Food colorants: Their past, present and future. Coloration Technology, 134(3), 165-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12334
- Dixit, S., Purshottam, S. K., Khanna, S. K., & Das, M. (2011). Usage pattern of synthetic food colours in different states of India and exposure assessment through commodities preferentially consumed by children. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 28(8), 996-1005.https://doi.org/10.1080.2011.580011
- Es’haghi, Z. (2011). Photodiode array detection in clinical applications; quantitative analyte assay advantages, limitations and disadvantages. Photodiodes-Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High-Energy Physics, 161-182. 10.5772/18244
- Gondhi, N. (2019), Food Colours and their Chemistry. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Food Technology. (6), 129-132
- Gräb, P., & Geidel, E. (2019). Spectroscopic studies of food colorings. World Journal of Chemical Education, 7(2). 10.12691/wjce-7-2-13. https://doi.org/10.12691/wjce-7-2-13
- Jadhav, R. V., Bhujbal, S. S., & Jadhav, R. V. (2020). A review on natural food colors. Pharmaceutical Resonance, 2(2), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1109/inocon50539.2020.9298414
- Kobylewski, S., & Jacobson, M. F. (2010). Food dyes: A rainbow of risks. Center for Science in the Public Interest https://doi.org/10.1179/1077352512z.00000000034
- Kobylewski, S., & Jacobson, M. F. (2012). Toxicology of food dyes. International journal of occupational and environmental health, 18(3), 220-246. https://doi.org/10.1179/1077352512z.00000000034
- Kumar, A., Nighojkar, A., Varma, P., Prakash, N. J., Kandasubramanian, B., Zimmermann, K., & Dixit, F. (2023). Algal mediated intervention for the retrieval of emerging pollutants from aqueous media. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 455, 131568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131568
- KUMARI, R., & MEGHWAL, M. (2010). Benefits of food colours and safety in usage. Regulation, 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-9192(99)00068-8, 3.
- Lalani, A. R., Rastegar-Pouyani, N., Askari, A., Tavajohi, S., Akbari, S., & Jafarzadeh, E. (2024). Food Additives, Benefits, and Side Effects: A Review Article. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109251
- Lehto, S., Buchweitz, M., Klimm, A., Straßburger, R., Bechtold, C., & Ulberth, F. (2017). Comparison of food colour regulations in the EU and the US: a review of current provisions. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 34(3), 335-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2016.1274431
- Lorenzoni, A. S. G., Oliveira, F. A., & Cladera-Olivera, F. (2012). Food additives in products for children marketed in Brazil. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20120205.03
- Luzardo-Ocampo, I., Ramírez-Jiménez, A. K., Yañez, J., Mojica, L., & Luna-Vital, D. A. (2021). Technological applications of natural colorants in food systems: A review. Foods, 10(3), 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030634
- Martins, N., Roriz, C. L., Morales, P., Barros, L., & Ferreira, I. C. (2016). Food colorants: Challenges, opportunities and current desires of agro-industries to ensure consumer expectations and regulatory practices. Trends in food science & technology, 52, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.03.009
- Mittal, J. (2020). Permissible synthetic food dyes in India. Resonance, 25(4), 567-577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12045-020-0970-6
- Moss, B. W. (2002). The chemistry of food colour. Colour in food: Improving quality, 145-178. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781855736672.2.145
- Ntrallou, K., Gika, H., & Tsochatzis, E. (2020). Analytical and sample preparation techniques for the determination of food colorants in food matrices. Foods, 9(1), 58.
- Pávai, M., Szabó, T., & Paszternák, A. (2015). The potential use of cellophane test strips for the quick determination of food colours. Cellulose, 22, 1883-1891. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9010058
- Petronijevic, R. B., Trbovic, D., & Sefer, M. (2021, October). Effects of regular control of food colours content in meat products in Serbia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 854, No. 1, p. 012072). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012072
- Ranjbar Nedamani, A. (2022). Stability Enhancement of Natural Food Colorants-A Review. Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology, 10(4), 369-388. https://doi.org/10.1108/nfs-08-2018-0221
- Rezaei, M., Abadi, F. S., Sharifi, Z., Karimi, F., Alimohammadi, M., Abadi, R. A. S., & Roostaei, H. (2015). Assessment of synthetic dyes in food stuffs produced in confectioneries and restaurants in Arak, Iran. Thrita, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5812/thrita.22776
- Ribeiro, J. S. (2019). Food Additives: Natural Food Dyes. Ann Nutr Food Sci. 2019; 3 (1), 1040. https://doi.org/10.5812/thrita.22776
- Sadar, P., Dande, P., Kulkarni, N., & Pachori, R. (2017). Evaluation of toxicity of synthetic food colors on human normal flora and yeast. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 7(8), 110-114. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20174950
- Saleem, N., & Umar, Z. N. (2013). Survey on the use of synthetic Food Colors in Food Samples procured from different educational institutes of Karachi city. Journal of tropical life science, 3(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.03.01.01
- Scotter, M. J. (2011). Emerging and persistent issues with artificial food colours: natural colour additives as alternatives to synthetic colours in food and drink. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 3(1), 28-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-837x.2010.00087.
- Sharafati Chaleshtori, R., & Golsorkhi, F. (2016). Determination of synthetic colors in some locally available foods of Kashan city, Iran. International Archives of Health Sciences, 3(2), 61-66.https://doi.org/10.18869/iahs.3.2.61
- Silva, M. M., Reboredo, F. H., & Lidon, F. C. (2022). Food colour additives: A synoptical overview on their chemical properties, applications in food products, and health side effects. Foods, 11(3), 379. https://doi.org/10.18869/iahs.3.2.61
- Sobańska, A. (2018). Quantification of synthetic food dyes in beverages or pharmaceutical tablets by solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by UV/VIS spectrophotometry. Acta Innovations, (27), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.27.6
- Stewart, M., Alzahlaf, H., Anderson, B., Belka, S., Brommer, E., Cuevas, L. M., & Voss, A. M. (2022). The McNair Scholars Journal, 2022 v. 23. https://doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.27.6
- Yuet-Wan Lok, K., Chung, W. Y., Benzie, I. F., & Woo, J. (2010). Colour additives in snack foods consumed by primary school children in Hong Kong. Food Additives and Contaminants, 3(3), 148-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2010.509815
- Zahedi, M., Shakerian, A., Rahimi, E., & Chaleshtori, R. S. (2020). Validation of an analytical method for determination of eight food dyes in beverage and fruit roll-ups by ion-pair HPLC-DAD. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 22(3), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.34172/jsums.2020.20
References
Ahmed, M. A., Al-Khalifa, A. S., Al-Nouri, D. M., & El-Din, M. F. S. (2021). Dietary intake of artificial food color additives containing food products by school-going children. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 28(1), 27-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.025
Castro, T. A., Leite, B. S., Assunção, L. S., de Jesus Freitas, T., Colauto, N. B., Linde, G. A., & Ferreira Ribeiro, C. D. (2021). Red tomato products as an alternative to reduce synthetic dyes in the food industry: A review. Molecules, 26(23), 7125. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237125
Chávez, L. A. C., García-Barrientos, R., Ortega, L. E. G., Garcia, O. D., & Alvarado, M. I. E. (2019). Natural vs Synthetic Colors. In Flavonoids-A Coloring Model for Cheering up Life. IntechOpen. 10.5772/intechopen.86887
Coultate, T., & Blackburn, R. S. (2018). Food colorants: Their past, present and future. Coloration Technology, 134(3), 165-186. https://doi.org/10.1111/cote.12334
Dixit, S., Purshottam, S. K., Khanna, S. K., & Das, M. (2011). Usage pattern of synthetic food colours in different states of India and exposure assessment through commodities preferentially consumed by children. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 28(8), 996-1005.https://doi.org/10.1080.2011.580011
Es’haghi, Z. (2011). Photodiode array detection in clinical applications; quantitative analyte assay advantages, limitations and disadvantages. Photodiodes-Communications, Bio-Sensings, Measurements and High-Energy Physics, 161-182. 10.5772/18244
Gondhi, N. (2019), Food Colours and their Chemistry. Journal of Agricultural Engineering and Food Technology. (6), 129-132
Gräb, P., & Geidel, E. (2019). Spectroscopic studies of food colorings. World Journal of Chemical Education, 7(2). 10.12691/wjce-7-2-13. https://doi.org/10.12691/wjce-7-2-13
Jadhav, R. V., Bhujbal, S. S., & Jadhav, R. V. (2020). A review on natural food colors. Pharmaceutical Resonance, 2(2), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.1109/inocon50539.2020.9298414
Kobylewski, S., & Jacobson, M. F. (2010). Food dyes: A rainbow of risks. Center for Science in the Public Interest https://doi.org/10.1179/1077352512z.00000000034
Kobylewski, S., & Jacobson, M. F. (2012). Toxicology of food dyes. International journal of occupational and environmental health, 18(3), 220-246. https://doi.org/10.1179/1077352512z.00000000034
Kumar, A., Nighojkar, A., Varma, P., Prakash, N. J., Kandasubramanian, B., Zimmermann, K., & Dixit, F. (2023). Algal mediated intervention for the retrieval of emerging pollutants from aqueous media. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 455, 131568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131568
KUMARI, R., & MEGHWAL, M. (2010). Benefits of food colours and safety in usage. Regulation, 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0306-9192(99)00068-8, 3.
Lalani, A. R., Rastegar-Pouyani, N., Askari, A., Tavajohi, S., Akbari, S., & Jafarzadeh, E. (2024). Food Additives, Benefits, and Side Effects: A Review Article. Journal of Chemical Health Risks, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109251
Lehto, S., Buchweitz, M., Klimm, A., Straßburger, R., Bechtold, C., & Ulberth, F. (2017). Comparison of food colour regulations in the EU and the US: a review of current provisions. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, 34(3), 335-355. https://doi.org/10.1080/19440049.2016.1274431
Lorenzoni, A. S. G., Oliveira, F. A., & Cladera-Olivera, F. (2012). Food additives in products for children marketed in Brazil. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.fph.20120205.03
Luzardo-Ocampo, I., Ramírez-Jiménez, A. K., Yañez, J., Mojica, L., & Luna-Vital, D. A. (2021). Technological applications of natural colorants in food systems: A review. Foods, 10(3), 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10030634
Martins, N., Roriz, C. L., Morales, P., Barros, L., & Ferreira, I. C. (2016). Food colorants: Challenges, opportunities and current desires of agro-industries to ensure consumer expectations and regulatory practices. Trends in food science & technology, 52, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2016.03.009
Mittal, J. (2020). Permissible synthetic food dyes in India. Resonance, 25(4), 567-577. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12045-020-0970-6
Moss, B. W. (2002). The chemistry of food colour. Colour in food: Improving quality, 145-178. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781855736672.2.145
Ntrallou, K., Gika, H., & Tsochatzis, E. (2020). Analytical and sample preparation techniques for the determination of food colorants in food matrices. Foods, 9(1), 58.
Pávai, M., Szabó, T., & Paszternák, A. (2015). The potential use of cellophane test strips for the quick determination of food colours. Cellulose, 22, 1883-1891. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9010058
Petronijevic, R. B., Trbovic, D., & Sefer, M. (2021, October). Effects of regular control of food colours content in meat products in Serbia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 854, No. 1, p. 012072). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/854/1/012072
Ranjbar Nedamani, A. (2022). Stability Enhancement of Natural Food Colorants-A Review. Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology, 10(4), 369-388. https://doi.org/10.1108/nfs-08-2018-0221
Rezaei, M., Abadi, F. S., Sharifi, Z., Karimi, F., Alimohammadi, M., Abadi, R. A. S., & Roostaei, H. (2015). Assessment of synthetic dyes in food stuffs produced in confectioneries and restaurants in Arak, Iran. Thrita, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.5812/thrita.22776
Ribeiro, J. S. (2019). Food Additives: Natural Food Dyes. Ann Nutr Food Sci. 2019; 3 (1), 1040. https://doi.org/10.5812/thrita.22776
Sadar, P., Dande, P., Kulkarni, N., & Pachori, R. (2017). Evaluation of toxicity of synthetic food colors on human normal flora and yeast. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, 7(8), 110-114. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20174950
Saleem, N., & Umar, Z. N. (2013). Survey on the use of synthetic Food Colors in Food Samples procured from different educational institutes of Karachi city. Journal of tropical life science, 3(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11594/jtls.03.01.01
Scotter, M. J. (2011). Emerging and persistent issues with artificial food colours: natural colour additives as alternatives to synthetic colours in food and drink. Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, 3(1), 28-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-837x.2010.00087.
Sharafati Chaleshtori, R., & Golsorkhi, F. (2016). Determination of synthetic colors in some locally available foods of Kashan city, Iran. International Archives of Health Sciences, 3(2), 61-66.https://doi.org/10.18869/iahs.3.2.61
Silva, M. M., Reboredo, F. H., & Lidon, F. C. (2022). Food colour additives: A synoptical overview on their chemical properties, applications in food products, and health side effects. Foods, 11(3), 379. https://doi.org/10.18869/iahs.3.2.61
Sobańska, A. (2018). Quantification of synthetic food dyes in beverages or pharmaceutical tablets by solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by UV/VIS spectrophotometry. Acta Innovations, (27), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.27.6
Stewart, M., Alzahlaf, H., Anderson, B., Belka, S., Brommer, E., Cuevas, L. M., & Voss, A. M. (2022). The McNair Scholars Journal, 2022 v. 23. https://doi.org/10.32933/actainnovations.27.6
Yuet-Wan Lok, K., Chung, W. Y., Benzie, I. F., & Woo, J. (2010). Colour additives in snack foods consumed by primary school children in Hong Kong. Food Additives and Contaminants, 3(3), 148-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2010.509815
Zahedi, M., Shakerian, A., Rahimi, E., & Chaleshtori, R. S. (2020). Validation of an analytical method for determination of eight food dyes in beverage and fruit roll-ups by ion-pair HPLC-DAD. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 22(3), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.34172/jsums.2020.20