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Abstract
The most important derivatives of amino acids are urea, creatine, creatinine and amines. Creatinine is a product obtained from the breakdown of creatine phosphate and muscle and protein metabolism. Creatine loses a molecule of water in an acidic environment field and turns into creatinine. These substances are available in muscle, brain and blood both in the form of creatine phosphate and in free form. In the biosynthesis of creatine, three amino acids - glycine, arginine and methionine - are directly involved, synthesis of creatine in the liver by methylation of glucosamine. Any condition that disrupts the function of the kidney increases the level of creatinine in the blood. A low level of creatinine can indicate poor metabolic health of muscles or severe liver disease; high levels of creatinine are related to protein.
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References
- Stout JR, Antonio J, Kalman E, eds. Essentials of Creatine in Sports and Health. Humana. (2008); ISBN 978-1-59745-573-2.
- Cribb PJ, Williams AD, Stathis CG, et al. Effects of whey isolate, creatine, and resistance training on muscle hypertrophy. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2007; 39:298Y307
- What Is a Creatinine Blood Test? Low & High Ranges". Medicinenet.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
- Taylor EH. Clinical Chemistry. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1989; pp. 4, 58–62
- Shemesh O, Golbetz H, Kriss JP, Myers BD. "Limitations of creatinine as a filtration marker in glomerulopathic patients". Kidney International. November 1985; 28 (5): 830 8. doi:10.1038/ki.1985.205. PMID 2418254.
- Rang H. P). Pharmacology (fifth ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. 2003; p. 234.ISBN 0-443-7145-4.
- 8). Burke DG, Chilibeck PD, Parise G, et al. Effect of creatine and weight training on muscle creatine and performance in vegetarians. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2003; 35:1946Y55.
- Gross S,Tilly P, Hentsch D, Vonesch JL, Fabre JE. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2007; 204:311.
References
Stout JR, Antonio J, Kalman E, eds. Essentials of Creatine in Sports and Health. Humana. (2008); ISBN 978-1-59745-573-2.
Cribb PJ, Williams AD, Stathis CG, et al. Effects of whey isolate, creatine, and resistance training on muscle hypertrophy. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2007; 39:298Y307
What Is a Creatinine Blood Test? Low & High Ranges". Medicinenet.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2018. Retrieved 21 September 2018.
Taylor EH. Clinical Chemistry. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1989; pp. 4, 58–62
Shemesh O, Golbetz H, Kriss JP, Myers BD. "Limitations of creatinine as a filtration marker in glomerulopathic patients". Kidney International. November 1985; 28 (5): 830 8. doi:10.1038/ki.1985.205. PMID 2418254.
Rang H. P). Pharmacology (fifth ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. 2003; p. 234.ISBN 0-443-7145-4.
8). Burke DG, Chilibeck PD, Parise G, et al. Effect of creatine and weight training on muscle creatine and performance in vegetarians. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2003; 35:1946Y55.
Gross S,Tilly P, Hentsch D, Vonesch JL, Fabre JE. Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2007; 204:311.