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Abstract
Growth promoters (G.P) made of non-nutrients materials. G.P is given to animal to enhance their production level, efficiency of food intake and absorption and increases animal body resistance against diseases. Hormones are another G.P which used for first time in USA then were inclusive to animal production system to other industrial countries. By application of G.P, production level was increased, lactation period was extended and the level of fat storage in adipose tissue was declined. There was development in muscle in meat animal too. In some countries the use of antibiotics and hormones as G.P is banned. Scholars are trying to find appropriate alternatives instead of G.P (antibiotics and Hormones).
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References
- Kummar Senthil, V., Rajan, C., Divya, P. and Sasikumar, S. Adverse effects on consumer’s health by hormones administered in cattle, 2018. international food research journal 25 (1): 1-10
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- Al-Dobaib S. N. and Mousa H. M. Benefits and risks of growth promoters in animal production, Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, 2009. Vol. 7 (2): 202-208
- Doyle M. Ellin. Alternative to antibiotic use for growth promotion in animal husbandry, 2001 food research institute.
- Passastino Annamaria. Steroid hormones in food producing animals: regulatory situation in Europe, 2012 University of Messina, Italy
- [8]. Lozano M. C. and Trujillo M. Chemical residue in animal food products: An issue of public health, Nathional University of Colombia, 2018. 163-188
- CECBP, California environmental contaminant bio monitoring program. Synthetic hormone in animal husbandry, California, 2008. December 4-5, 1-13
- Shanker et al. Rapid methods for detection of Veterinary drug residue in meat, Veterinary world. 2010. Vol. 3 (5): 2 41-246
References
Kummar Senthil, V., Rajan, C., Divya, P. and Sasikumar, S. Adverse effects on consumer’s health by hormones administered in cattle, 2018. international food research journal 25 (1): 1-10
Galbraith, H. Hormones in international meat production: biological, sociological and consumer issues. 2002. Nutrition research review 15 (02): 293-314
Ganma, D. and Sato, A. The possible role of female sex hormones in milk from pregnant cows in the development of breast, ovarian and corpus uteri cancers. 2005. Medical hypotheses 65 (6): 1028-1037
Warriss Paul. Meat Science an introductory text, 2010. 2nd edition, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
Al-Dobaib S. N. and Mousa H. M. Benefits and risks of growth promoters in animal production, Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment, 2009. Vol. 7 (2): 202-208
Doyle M. Ellin. Alternative to antibiotic use for growth promotion in animal husbandry, 2001 food research institute.
Passastino Annamaria. Steroid hormones in food producing animals: regulatory situation in Europe, 2012 University of Messina, Italy
[8]. Lozano M. C. and Trujillo M. Chemical residue in animal food products: An issue of public health, Nathional University of Colombia, 2018. 163-188
CECBP, California environmental contaminant bio monitoring program. Synthetic hormone in animal husbandry, California, 2008. December 4-5, 1-13
Shanker et al. Rapid methods for detection of Veterinary drug residue in meat, Veterinary world. 2010. Vol. 3 (5): 2 41-246