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Abstract
Since its establishment, the veterinary profession has played a very valuable role in reducing health related problems caused by diseases and improving the living conditions of human societies. Veterinarians are a group of professionals who perform various medical services to diagnose, treat, control, prevent and eradicate animal diseases and zoonotic diseases, and they are the only doctors trained to protect the health of animals and humans. In general, veterinary medicine is considered one of the most dangerous professions, and veterinarians face various biological, chemical, physical and psychological hazards during veterinary practices and health services. To reduce such risks, it is necessary to make appropriate changes in the veterinary curriculum and the working environment of veterinarians, and to prepare and implement those rules that guarantee the health, social and economic conditions of veterinarians. Occupational hazards related to veterinary services and the ways to prevent them are discussed in this review article.
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References
- Battelli G. Zoonoses as occupational diseases. Veterinaria Italiana. 2008;44(4):601–9.
- Pal M, Tesfaye S, Dave P. Zoonoses Occupationally Acquired By Abattoir Workers, Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science. 2013; 0(0):1–8.
- Samadi A, Hailat N. Zoonotic diseases : a One Health perspective. CAB Reveiws. 2021; (027):1–11.
- Ayan S, Erbaş O. Occupational diseases in veterinary medicine. D J Med Sci. 2020;6(2):74–82.
- Mishra S, Palkhade R. Risk factors and prevalence of work-related injuries and accidents among veterinarians in India. Veterinary World. 2020;13.
- Jayanthi R, Raja MB. Occupational health hazards in veterinarians- A review. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 2021;10(4):527–30.
- Gibbins JD. Workplace safty and health for the Veterinary health care team. Vet Clin NA Small Anim Pract [Internet]. 2015;45(2):409–26. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.11.006
- Medical G. Skin conditions in veterinarians and veterinary workers: A worksite-based study. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology. 2016;82(3):317–8.
- Adebowale O, Fasanmi OG, Awosile B, Afolabi M, Fasina FO. Systematic review and meta-analysis of veterinary-related occupational exposures to hazards. Open Vets. 2021;6–22.
- Epp T, Waldner C. Occupational health hazards in veterinary medicine: Zoonoses and other biological hazards. CVJ. 2012;53(February).
- Williams S. Workplace stress, mental health, and burnout of veterinarians in Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal. 2011;89(11):460–8.
- Palkhade R, Mishra S, Barbuddhe S. Occupation-Related Biological Health Hazards and Infection Control Practices among Indian Veterinarians. Veterinary Medicine International. 2022; Volume 2022, Article ID 2503399, 9 pages.
- OIE. Case THE, Engagement For. Strengthening Veterinary Services Through The OIE PVS Pathway The Case For Engagement And Investment. 2019;(February):1–40.
- Hafer AL, Langley RL, Morrow WEM, Tulis JJ. Occupational hazards reported by swine veterinarians in the United States. Swine Health and Production. 1996;128–41.
- Kumar HBC, Lokesha KM, Madhavaprasad CB, Shilpa VT, Karabasanavar NS, Kumar A. Occupational zoonoses in zoo and wildlife veterinarians in India : A review. Veterinary World. 2013;6:605–13.
- Vidovic J. “ Veterinary occupational safety and health in veterinary practice ” Survey Report “ Veterinary occupational safety and health in veterinary practice .” 2020;1–10.
- Kozak A, Schedlbauer G, Peters C, Nienhaus A. Self-Reported Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Distal Upper Extremities and the Neck in German Veterinarians : A Cross-Sectional Study. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(2).
- Berkelman RL. Human Illness Associated with Use of Veterinary Vaccines. EMERGING INFECTIONS. 2003;37:407–14.
- Bartram DJ, Baldwin DS. Papers Veterinary surgeons and suicide : a structured review of possible influences on increased risk. Veterinary Record. 2010;
- Nett RJ, Witte TK, D P, Holzbauer SM, Elchos BL, Campagnolo ER, et al. Risk factors for suicide, attitudes toward mental illness, and practice-related stressors among US veterinarians. JAVMA. 2015;247(8):945–55.
- Vonesch N, Binazzi A, Bonafede M, Melis P, Ruggieri A, Iavicoli S, et al. Emerging zoonotic viral infections of occupational health importance. Pathogens and Disease. 2019;(March):1–26.
- Gutiérrez-builes RLA. Occupational history of exposure to zoonotic agents in people dedicated to livestock in San Pedro de los Milagros , Antioquia , Colombia. Rev. Fac. Med. 2019;67(4):587–94.
- Haagsma JA, Tariq L, Heederik DJ, Havelaar AH. Infectious disease risks associated with occupational exposure : a systematic review of the literature. Occup Environ Med. 2012;140–7.
- Qureshi MO, Chughtai AA, Seale H. Recommendations related to occupational infection prevention and control training to protect healthcare workers from infectious diseases : a scoping review of infection prevention and control guidelines. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. 2022;1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07673-4
- Khillare RS, Bhave SS. Occupational Hazards Associated with Veterinarians and Their Control Measures. Journal of Foodborne and Zoonotic Diseases. 2018;06(02):13–6.
- Habib I and Alshehhi Z, Zoonotic Disease Management and Infection Control Practices Among Veterinarians in the United Arab Emirates. Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 8, 82.
References
Battelli G. Zoonoses as occupational diseases. Veterinaria Italiana. 2008;44(4):601–9.
Pal M, Tesfaye S, Dave P. Zoonoses Occupationally Acquired By Abattoir Workers, Journal of Environmental and Occupational Science. 2013; 0(0):1–8.
Samadi A, Hailat N. Zoonotic diseases : a One Health perspective. CAB Reveiws. 2021; (027):1–11.
Ayan S, Erbaş O. Occupational diseases in veterinary medicine. D J Med Sci. 2020;6(2):74–82.
Mishra S, Palkhade R. Risk factors and prevalence of work-related injuries and accidents among veterinarians in India. Veterinary World. 2020;13.
Jayanthi R, Raja MB. Occupational health hazards in veterinarians- A review. The Pharma Innovation Journal. 2021;10(4):527–30.
Gibbins JD. Workplace safty and health for the Veterinary health care team. Vet Clin NA Small Anim Pract [Internet]. 2015;45(2):409–26. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2014.11.006
Medical G. Skin conditions in veterinarians and veterinary workers: A worksite-based study. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology. 2016;82(3):317–8.
Adebowale O, Fasanmi OG, Awosile B, Afolabi M, Fasina FO. Systematic review and meta-analysis of veterinary-related occupational exposures to hazards. Open Vets. 2021;6–22.
Epp T, Waldner C. Occupational health hazards in veterinary medicine: Zoonoses and other biological hazards. CVJ. 2012;53(February).
Williams S. Workplace stress, mental health, and burnout of veterinarians in Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal. 2011;89(11):460–8.
Palkhade R, Mishra S, Barbuddhe S. Occupation-Related Biological Health Hazards and Infection Control Practices among Indian Veterinarians. Veterinary Medicine International. 2022; Volume 2022, Article ID 2503399, 9 pages.
OIE. Case THE, Engagement For. Strengthening Veterinary Services Through The OIE PVS Pathway The Case For Engagement And Investment. 2019;(February):1–40.
Hafer AL, Langley RL, Morrow WEM, Tulis JJ. Occupational hazards reported by swine veterinarians in the United States. Swine Health and Production. 1996;128–41.
Kumar HBC, Lokesha KM, Madhavaprasad CB, Shilpa VT, Karabasanavar NS, Kumar A. Occupational zoonoses in zoo and wildlife veterinarians in India : A review. Veterinary World. 2013;6:605–13.
Vidovic J. “ Veterinary occupational safety and health in veterinary practice ” Survey Report “ Veterinary occupational safety and health in veterinary practice .” 2020;1–10.
Kozak A, Schedlbauer G, Peters C, Nienhaus A. Self-Reported Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Distal Upper Extremities and the Neck in German Veterinarians : A Cross-Sectional Study. PLOS ONE. 2014;9(2).
Berkelman RL. Human Illness Associated with Use of Veterinary Vaccines. EMERGING INFECTIONS. 2003;37:407–14.
Bartram DJ, Baldwin DS. Papers Veterinary surgeons and suicide : a structured review of possible influences on increased risk. Veterinary Record. 2010;
Nett RJ, Witte TK, D P, Holzbauer SM, Elchos BL, Campagnolo ER, et al. Risk factors for suicide, attitudes toward mental illness, and practice-related stressors among US veterinarians. JAVMA. 2015;247(8):945–55.
Vonesch N, Binazzi A, Bonafede M, Melis P, Ruggieri A, Iavicoli S, et al. Emerging zoonotic viral infections of occupational health importance. Pathogens and Disease. 2019;(March):1–26.
Gutiérrez-builes RLA. Occupational history of exposure to zoonotic agents in people dedicated to livestock in San Pedro de los Milagros , Antioquia , Colombia. Rev. Fac. Med. 2019;67(4):587–94.
Haagsma JA, Tariq L, Heederik DJ, Havelaar AH. Infectious disease risks associated with occupational exposure : a systematic review of the literature. Occup Environ Med. 2012;140–7.
Qureshi MO, Chughtai AA, Seale H. Recommendations related to occupational infection prevention and control training to protect healthcare workers from infectious diseases : a scoping review of infection prevention and control guidelines. BMC Health Serv Res [Internet]. 2022;1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-07673-4
Khillare RS, Bhave SS. Occupational Hazards Associated with Veterinarians and Their Control Measures. Journal of Foodborne and Zoonotic Diseases. 2018;06(02):13–6.
Habib I and Alshehhi Z, Zoonotic Disease Management and Infection Control Practices Among Veterinarians in the United Arab Emirates. Veterinary Sciences. 2021; 8, 82.