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Abstract
Mosquitoes are small insects, fossil of mosquitoes are about 50 million years old. All human and animals. Mosquitoes affect population by bites and by the transmission of diseases. Mosquitoes belong to family Culicidae. The most important genera are Anopheles, Culex an Aedes. There are several criteria to distinguish these genera. Mosquitos’ larvae and pupae live aquatically. In Mosquitoes only adult female suck blood, a blood meal for female mosquitoes is essential for maturation of the ovum. Mosquito host-finding can be divided into successive phases: activation, oriented flight to the host, alighting on the host, probing, imbibing, withdrawal and take off. Mosquitoes are nocturnal or crepuscular feeders with a wide host range. Host location is achieved using a range of olfactory and visual cues.
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References
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- Urquhart, G.M., Armour. J., Duncan JL., Dunn AM and Jennings F Veterinary Parasitology Second Edition. Blackwell. 2006; 148-149.
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- Cox. F.E. Modern Parasitology. A Text book of Parasitology. Second Edition. Blackwell. 1996; 225-226.
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References
آبی، ا. پارازایتولوژی وترنریIII. اثر اصلی به رتبهی پوهنوالی، 1396؛ص¬ص.304-309 .
اطهری، عمید. انگلشناسی پزشکی. آیژ. 1380؛ ص¬ص.25-32.
Andrei D.Michalca.Textbook of Veterinary Entomology for students. AcademicPrss, Cluj-Napoca.2018; 64, 74.
Anne M. Zajace. Gary A.Conboy., Susan Little., Mason. Richard Veterinary Clinical parasitology 9th Edition. Wiley Blackwell.2021; 340-344.
Beugnet, Frederic et al. Textbook of Clinical Parasitology in dogs and cats. 2018; 389-390.
Gary. Mullen. Lance A.Durden. (2019). Medical and Veterinary Entomology third. Edition. Elsevier. 2019; 263-265.
Kaufman, J. Parasitic infection of Domestic Animals. A Diagnostic Manual. Springer. 1998; 129-130.
) Mandal.S.C. Veterinary Parasitology at a Glance. First Edition.Chman Studio.2006; 337-339.
Mehlhorn. Heinz. Encyclopedia of Parasitology 3rd Edition, Springer. 2008; 50, 848.
Soulsby, E.J.L. Helminthes, Arthropods and Protozoa of Domesticated Animals 7th Edition Tindal. 1982; 386-387, 389.
Taylor, M.A., Coop, R.L., wall, R.L. Veterinary Parasitology. 4th Edition. Wiley Blackwell. 2016; 173-175.
Thomas C. Cheng. General Parasitology, Academic press. New York.1974; 56, 67.
Urquhart, G.M., Armour. J., Duncan JL., Dunn AM and Jennings F Veterinary Parasitology Second Edition. Blackwell. 2006; 148-149.
Wall, R., Shearer, D. Veterinary Ectoparasites Biology, Pathology and Control. 2nd Edition. Blackwell. 2001; 140-142.
Cox. F.E. Modern Parasitology. A Text book of Parasitology. Second Edition. Blackwell. 1996; 225-226.
Goldová, M., Levkutová, M. a kol. Infekčne a Paraztárne ochorenia potravinovych zvierat. III Diel. Parazitárne Choroby. UVL v Košiciach. 2009; 276-279.
Jurášek, V. Parazitologia A Invázne choroby. Vydaváteľstvo VVLS, SNP v košiciach.1993; 336-337.
Jurašek, V. Parazitologia A Invazne Choroby. Priroda v Bratislava. 1987; 297, 313.
Jurášek, V; Dubinský, P. a kol.(1999). Veterinárne Parazitologia. Príroda v Bratislava. 1999; 125-126.