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Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of Afghanistan's most cultivated cereal crops. While much of Afghanistan's soil is suitable for wheat cultivation, limited water resources have significantly hindered agricultural productivity. In arid and semi-arid regions, wheat growth and yield largely depend on annual precipitation. This study was conducted during the years 1401–1402 (2022–2023) at the research farm of Paktia University to determine the impact of different irrigation techniques on wheat growth and yield. The findings revealed that the furrow irrigation system had a significant positive effect on wheat growth and yield. Statistical analysis indicated that wheat yield increased to 2,130 kg per hectare under the furrow irrigation technique, compared to the lowest yield of 1,450 kg per hectare in the control treatment. The weight of 1,000 grains was recorded at 30.2 grams under the traditional irrigation system, while it increased to 38.1 grams using the furrow irrigation technique. Additionally, the furrow irrigation method increased wheat spike length by 30% compared to the conventional system.
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References
- Ahmadzada, Z. M. G. (2013). Reaction of some of Afghanistan’s wheat varieties to yellow rust under natural conditions. African Journal of Agricultural research, PP 1255-1258.
- Anwar, J., Ibrahim, M. and Goheer , M.A. (2005). Effect of irrigation on agronomic traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International Journal of Biology and biotechnology 2(3): 751-759.
- Chaudhry. M.R. and Qureshi, A.S. (1994). Irrigation techniques to improve application efficiency and crop yield. Journal of Drainage and Reclamation 3(1): 14- 18.
- Chen, W. and Zhou, J. B. (2003). Wheat yield as affected by different water saving management practices. Agronomy Journal 95: 608-615.
- Clement, E. l. and Gale, W. J. (1996). Factors affecting wheat grain yield and yield components. Journal of Drainage and Reclamation 4(2): 50- 58.
- Cortazar, R.M., Munoz, A.U., Rodriguez, O.J.L. and Hernandez A.L. (2009). Transpiration dynamics and efficiency in three genotypes of wheat under water stress. Tevista Fitotenia Mexicana. 18(2): 151-162.
- Hassan I., Hussain, Z. and Akbar, G. (2005). Effect of permanent raised beds on water productivity for irrigated maize-wheat cropping system. Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research Proceeding 121, of a workshop on “Evaluation and performance of permanent raised bed cropping systems in Asia, Australia and Mexico”. 1-3 March, 2005. Grifith, NSW, Australia.
- Mohammad, W., Shah, Z., Shah, S.M. and Iqbal, M.M. (2003). Wheat yield, fertilizer N utilization and water use efficiency as influenced by tillage and P levels under rainfed conditions. Pakistan Journal of Soil Science 22: 11-18.
- Rafiq, M., Hussain, A., Ahmad, A., Basra, S.M.A., and Sajjad, A. (2016). Drought sensitivity at different growth stages of various wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. M.Sc. (Hons) Thesis, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad.
- Sun, Y.H., Liu, C.M., Zhang, X.Y, Y.J. Shen and Zhang, Y.Q. (2006). Effects of irrigation on water balance, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat in North China plain. Agricultural Water Management 85: 211-218.
References
Ahmadzada, Z. M. G. (2013). Reaction of some of Afghanistan’s wheat varieties to yellow rust under natural conditions. African Journal of Agricultural research, PP 1255-1258.
Anwar, J., Ibrahim, M. and Goheer , M.A. (2005). Effect of irrigation on agronomic traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). International Journal of Biology and biotechnology 2(3): 751-759.
Chaudhry. M.R. and Qureshi, A.S. (1994). Irrigation techniques to improve application efficiency and crop yield. Journal of Drainage and Reclamation 3(1): 14- 18.
Chen, W. and Zhou, J. B. (2003). Wheat yield as affected by different water saving management practices. Agronomy Journal 95: 608-615.
Clement, E. l. and Gale, W. J. (1996). Factors affecting wheat grain yield and yield components. Journal of Drainage and Reclamation 4(2): 50- 58.
Cortazar, R.M., Munoz, A.U., Rodriguez, O.J.L. and Hernandez A.L. (2009). Transpiration dynamics and efficiency in three genotypes of wheat under water stress. Tevista Fitotenia Mexicana. 18(2): 151-162.
Hassan I., Hussain, Z. and Akbar, G. (2005). Effect of permanent raised beds on water productivity for irrigated maize-wheat cropping system. Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research Proceeding 121, of a workshop on “Evaluation and performance of permanent raised bed cropping systems in Asia, Australia and Mexico”. 1-3 March, 2005. Grifith, NSW, Australia.
Mohammad, W., Shah, Z., Shah, S.M. and Iqbal, M.M. (2003). Wheat yield, fertilizer N utilization and water use efficiency as influenced by tillage and P levels under rainfed conditions. Pakistan Journal of Soil Science 22: 11-18.
Rafiq, M., Hussain, A., Ahmad, A., Basra, S.M.A., and Sajjad, A. (2016). Drought sensitivity at different growth stages of various wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. M.Sc. (Hons) Thesis, Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad.
Sun, Y.H., Liu, C.M., Zhang, X.Y, Y.J. Shen and Zhang, Y.Q. (2006). Effects of irrigation on water balance, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat in North China plain. Agricultural Water Management 85: 211-218.