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Abstract

This study evaluates the performance of monocrystalline and polycrystalline photovoltaic (PV) technologies for a 5.9 kWp residential solar system in Kabul City using PVsyst simulation. The results indicate that monocrystalline modules achieve an annual energy yield of 11,295 kWh with a performance ratio (PR) of 71.1%, whereas polycrystalline modules generate 11,273 kWh with a PR of 70.9%. Although the difference in simulated annual energy production is only 22 kWh, equivalent to approximately 0.2%, monocrystalline technology demonstrates greater overall technical and economic suitability for Kabul’s semi-arid urban environment. Experimental evidence further indicates that monocrystalline modules perform better under dusty conditions, experiencing only 14.1% power loss compared with 30.48% for polycrystalline modules under high-soiling conditions. This improved resistance to dust accumulation can contribute to more stable energy production and reduced maintenance requirements. In addition, monocrystalline panels require approximately 8.1% less installation area to provide the same system capacity, which is particularly advantageous for space-constrained residential rooftops in Kabul. Considering energy yield, soiling resistance, space utilization, and long-term operational performance, monocrystalline PV technology is therefore recommended for residential applications. The findings provide a practical and useful framework for homeowners, solar installers, and policymakers to make informed investment decisions and promote efficient solar energy deployment in semi-arid urban climates. These findings support careful technology selection and emphasize local climatic, environmental, and rooftop conditions when designing residential PV systems effectively.

Keywords

A Monocrystallin Polycrystallin Climate Cange Comparative Study PVsyst Software

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Copyright (c) 2026 Kabul University

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Hamim, A., Hanif, A. G., Shirani, H., & Sediqi, M. M. (2026). Performance Comparison of Monocrystalline and Polycrystalline Photovoltaic Panels for Kabul City Based on PVsyst Simulation. Journal of Natural Sciences – Kabul University, 9(2), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.62810/jns.v9i2.574
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