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Abstract
The Kunar River is one of the major tributaries of the Kunar River, which holds significant economic and political importance for the country. Over the long term, it has seen substantial fluctuations in water flow. In this research with the help of (GIS) and hydrometeorological stations we evaluate the water flow dynamics. The annual data from Nawabad and Pul-Kama Stations show the water flow range from 84 to 2809 cubic meter per second. Long- term information shows the average 15 billion cubic meters of water pass through the river per year. On the whole, important changes have accrued in seasonal and long- term flow patterns of the river. This research gives useful information for local communities, river basin authorities, regional administration and plan-makers, to be informed against flooding situations associated with high flow rate.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Kabul University
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References
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References
اقرار، م. (۱۳۹۸). حالت موجوده منابع آبهای زیرزمینی در افغانستان، کابل، اکادمی علوم، مجموعه مقالات سیمینار علمی-تحقیقی (بررسی مسله کمبود آب در شهرهای بزرګ افغانستان)، ص ۱۴-۲۷.
تڼیوال، م. (۱۳۹۶). د افغانستان عمومی جغرافیه. کابل: یوسف زاده خپرندویه ټولنه، ص ۴۳.
شکیب، ع. (۱۳۸۹). د افغانستان انتوګرافیک اطلس. کابل: دانش مطبعه.
صافی، ع. (۱۳۹۰). د افغانستان د اوبو زیرمو ساتنه، کابل، پوهنتون کابل، علمی مجله، پنځمه ګڼه، ص ۴۷-۵۵.
صافی، ع. (۱۳۸۷). د کابل سیند حوزې ته یوه کتنه، کابل، پوهنتون کابل، پوهنیزه مجله، دریمه ګڼه، ص ۷۴-۸۶.
عارض، ع. ج. (۱۳۸۸). جغرافیه اقلیم شناسي جهان، کابل، بنګاه انتشارات میوند،ص ۸۹-۱۶۲.
Furqan Khan, H., & Anwar, A. (2023). Surface Water. In Afghanistan-Pakistan Shared Waters: State of the Basins (pp. 62-80): https://doi.org/ 10.1079/9781800622371.0005
Khan, H. F., Yang, Y. E., & Wi, S. (2020). Case study on hydropolitics in Afghanistan and Pakistan: energy and water impacts of Kunar River development. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 146(9), 05020015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001262
Mahmood, R., Jia, S., & Babel, M. S. (2016). Potential impacts of climate change on water resources in the Kunhar River Basin, Pakistan. Water, 8(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8010023
Prasad, V., & Safi, W. H. Numerical Approach for Assessment of Sustainable Yield from Kunar River Basin in Afghanistan.
Reshteen, S., Rahmatzai, A., Yosufi, M. K., Jamal, E. F. A., Najeebullah, E., Najeebullah, E. J. A. J. o. A., Humanities, & Sciences, S. (2022). Hydrology assessment of Kunar Sub basin. 4(3), 40-51. DOI: 10.36099/ajahss.4.3.4
Safi, W., Prasad, V., & Khare, R. J. I. J. o. A. R. (2017). Simulation for sedimentation assessment a case study of Kunar River in Afghanistan. 5(2), 406-416.
Tariq, A., Ali, S., Basit, I., Jamil, A., Farmonov, N., Khorrami, B., . . . Islam, F. J. G. f. S. D. (2023). Terrestrial and groundwater storage characteristics and their quantification in the Chitral (Pakistan) and Kabul (Afghanistan) river basins using GRACE/GRACE-FO satellite data. 23, 100990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2023.100990
U.S. Geological Survey. (2010). Drainage network and basins of Afghanistan. Reston, VA: U.S. Geological Survey, Afghanistan Project.
Vick, M. J. (2014). Steps towards an Afghanistan–Pakistan water-sharing agreement. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 30(2), 224-229. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2014.886471
Yousaf, S. (2017). Kabul river and Pak-Afghan relations. Central Asia Journal, 1(80), 102-103.