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Abstract
This study, entitled "The Effects of Breed and Sex on the Biochemical Parameters of Goat Blood," has been conducted with the aim of determination the influence of breed and Sex on the biochemical parameters of goat blood. The importance of this study is to determine the biochemical parameters of blood in different breeds and Sex of goats, and to compare the blood biochemical parameters of one breed with those of another breed, as well as to compare the biochemical parameters of male goats with those of female goats. In this study, previous research has been reviewed. The findings from these studies indicate that both breed and Sex cause variations in the biochemical parameters of goat blood. This is the reason why biochemical parameters vary among different breeds and Sex.
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References
- A. Njidda, A. A. N. (2013). Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Goats of Semi Arid Environment Fed On Natural Grazing Rangeland of Northern Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 3(2), 1–8. Link. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-0320108
- Abdelatif, A. M., Ibrahim, M. Y., & Hassan, Y. Y. (2009). Seasonal Variation in Erythrocytic and Leukocytic Indices and Serum Proteins of Female Nubian Goats. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 4(3), 168–174. Link
- Addass, P. A., Midau, A., & Babale, D. M. (2010). Haemato-biochemical Findings of Indigenous Goats in Mubi Adamawa State, Nigeria. ISSN OnlineAAK, 1813–2235. Link
- Al-Seaf, A. M., & Al-Harbi, K. B. (2012). Variability of Disease Resistance, Hematological Parameters and Lymphocyte Proliferation in Two Goat Breeds and Their F1 and F2 Crosses. International Journal of Food, 2(1), 47–53. Link
- Balamurugan, T. C., Durgalakshmi, R., & Sheeba, A. (2015). Effect of Gender on Certain Serum Biochemical Parameters of Desi Goats in Cauvery Delta Region. 1, 34–36. Link.
- Bhat, S. A., Mir, M. R., Sawleha Qadir, S. Q., Allaie, I., Khan, H. M., Ishraq Husain, I. H., & Bilal, S. (2011). Hematological and biochemical parameters of Kashmiri goats in different climatic conditions, 481-487. Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ijavms.12944
- Cox, R. A., & García-Palmieri, M. R. (2011). Cholesterol, triglycerides, and associated lipoproteins. Link
- Devendra, C., & Burns, M. (1983). Goat production in the tropics (No. Ed. 2, pp. viii+-183). Link.
- Esfandabad, B. S., Karami, M., Hemami, M. R., Riazi, B., & Sadough, M. B. (2010). Habitat associations of wild goat in central Iran: Implications for conservation. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 56(6), 883–894. Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-010-0386-9
- Frandson, R. D. (1986). Anatomy and physiology of farm animals. Link
- Genov, P., Georgiev, G., & Georgiev, V. (2009). Persian wild goat (Capra aegagrus Erxleben)—biology, ecology and possibilities for its re-introduction in Bulgaria. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 23(sup1), 341- 342. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2009.10818434 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2009.10818434
- Gupta, J. P., Pandey, D. P., & Shah, R. R. (2016). Genetic studies on growth traits of Mehsana goat of Gujarat, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 50(2), 164–167. https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.6700 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.6700
- Hassan, D. I., Musa-Azara, I. S., Mohammed, J., & Zanwa, I. A. (2013). Influence of age , sex and season on haematology and serum chemistry of Red Sokoto goats in Lafia, Nasarawa state. International Journal of Agricultural Scieces and Veterinary Medicine, 1(4), 57–63. Link.
- Hassan, M. M., Hoque, M. A., Islam, S. K. M. A., Khan, S. A., Roy, K., & Banu, Q. (2014). A prevalence of parasites in black bengal goats in Chittagong, Bangladesh. International Journal of Livestock Production, 2(4), 40–44. Link.
- Harper, H. A., Rodwell, V. W., & Mayer, P. A. (1977). Review of Physiological Chemistry (6th Edn.) California, Lange Medical Publ., pp: 559-578. Http. en (2006). Link.
- Jyoti Mahore, J. M., & Mahanta, S. K. (2013). Certain haematological and biochemical parameters in local Bundelkhandi goats.36-39. Link
- Karaşahin, T., Aksoy, N. H., Dursun, Ş., Bulut, G., Haydardedeoğlu, A. E., Çamkerten, G., Çamkerten, İ., & İlgün, R. (2022). Effects of age and sex on some hematological and biochemical parameters in Hair goats. Veterinary Research Forum, 13(1), 15–19. Link
- Khan, A., Rehman, S., Imran, R., & Pitafi, K. D. (2013). Analysis of serum cholesterol level in goats breeds in Gilgit-Baltistan area of Pakistan. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. A, 3(4A), 302. Link.
- Kumar, S., & Roy, M. M. (2013). Small Ruminant’s Role in Sustaining Rural Livelihoods in Arid and Semiarid Regions and their Potential for Commercialization. New Paradigms in Livestock Production from Traditional to Commercial and Beyond, 57–80. Link
- Mbassa, G. K., & Poulsen, J. S. D. (1993). Reference ranges for clinical chemical values in Landrace goats. Small Ruminant Research, 10(2), 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(93)90056-N. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(93)90056-N
- Mohammed, S. A., Razzaque, M. A., Omar, A. E., Albert, S., & Al-Gallaf, W. M. (2016). Biochemical and hematological profile of different breeds of goat maintained under intensive production system. African Journal of Biotechnology, 15(24), 1253-1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2016.15362
- Molale, G., Antwi, M. A., Lekunze, J. N., & Luvhengo, U. (2017). General linear model analysis of behavioural responses of Boer and Tswana goats to successive handling. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 51(4), 781-784. http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijar.10986 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.10986
- Mott, G. E., Jackson, E. M., McMahan, C. A., & McGill Jr, H. C. (1990). Cholesterol metabolism in adult baboons is influenced by infant diet. The Journal of nutrition, 120(3), 243-251. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/120.3.243 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/120.3.243
- Ngere, L. O., Adu, I. F., & Okubanjo, I. O. (1984). The indigenous goats of Nigeria. Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales, 3, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1014233900000109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1014233900000109
- Okonkwo, J. C., Omeje, I. S., Okonkwo, I. F., & Umeghalu, I. C. E. (2010). Effects of breed, sex and source within breed on the blood bilirubin, cholesterol and glucose concentrations of nigerian goats. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9(2), 120–124. Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2010.120.124
- Ramprabhu, R., Chellapandian, M., Balachandran, S., & Rajeswar, J. (2010). Influence of age and sex on blood parameters of Kanni goats in Tamil Nadu. The Indian Journal of Small Ruminants, 16(2), 249–251. Link
- Saez, F., Ouvrier, A., & Drevet, J. R. (2011). Epididymis cholesterol homeostasis and sperm fertilizing ability. Asian Journal of Andrology, 13(1), 11–17. Link. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/aja.2010.64
- Samira, A. M., Mohammed, A. R., Anaam, E. O., Sheeba, A., & Waleed, M. A. G. (2016). Biochemical and hematological profile of different breeds of goat maintained under intensive production system. African Journal of Biotechnology, 15(24), 1253–1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2016.15362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2016.15362
- Sharma, A. K., & Puri, G. (2013). Effect of extreme hot condition on serum biochemical constituents in Marwari Goats. Livestock Research International, 1(1), 23-28. Link
- Sharma, A. K., & Kataria, N. (2012). Influence of season on some serum metabolites of Marwari goats. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The), 18(1), 52-55. Link
- Silanikove, N. (2000). The physiological basis of adaptation in goats to harsh environments. Small ruminant research, 35(3), 181-193. Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(99)00096-6
- Stevens, J. B., Anderson, K. L., Correa, M. T., Stewart, T., & Braselton Jr, W. E. (1994). Hematologic, blood gas, blood chemistry, and serum mineral values for a sample of clinically healthy adult goats. Veterinary clinical pathology, 23(1), 19-24. Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.1994.tb01011.x
- Takada, T., Kikkawa, Y., Yonekawa, H., Kawakami, S., & Amano, T. (1997). Bezoar (Capra aegagrus) is a matriarchal candidate for ancestor of domestic goat (Capra hircus): evidence from the mitochondrial DNA diversity. Biochemical Genetics, 35, 315-326. Link. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021869704889
- Tambuwal, F. M., Agale, B. M., & Bangana, A. (2002, March). Haematological and biochemical values of apparently healthy Red Sokoto goats. In Proceeding of 27th Annual Conference Nigerian Society of Animal Production (NSAP) (Vol. 50, p. 53). Link.
- Waziri, M. A., Ribad, A. Y., & Sivachelvan, N. (2010). Changes in the serum proteins, hematological and some serum biochemical profifi les in the gestation period in the Sahel goats. Veterinarski Arhiv, 80(2), 215–224. Link.
References
A. Njidda, A. A. N. (2013). Haematological and Biochemical Parameters of Goats of Semi Arid Environment Fed On Natural Grazing Rangeland of Northern Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, 3(2), 1–8. Link. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/2380-0320108
Abdelatif, A. M., Ibrahim, M. Y., & Hassan, Y. Y. (2009). Seasonal Variation in Erythrocytic and Leukocytic Indices and Serum Proteins of Female Nubian Goats. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 4(3), 168–174. Link
Addass, P. A., Midau, A., & Babale, D. M. (2010). Haemato-biochemical Findings of Indigenous Goats in Mubi Adamawa State, Nigeria. ISSN OnlineAAK, 1813–2235. Link
Al-Seaf, A. M., & Al-Harbi, K. B. (2012). Variability of Disease Resistance, Hematological Parameters and Lymphocyte Proliferation in Two Goat Breeds and Their F1 and F2 Crosses. International Journal of Food, 2(1), 47–53. Link
Balamurugan, T. C., Durgalakshmi, R., & Sheeba, A. (2015). Effect of Gender on Certain Serum Biochemical Parameters of Desi Goats in Cauvery Delta Region. 1, 34–36. Link.
Bhat, S. A., Mir, M. R., Sawleha Qadir, S. Q., Allaie, I., Khan, H. M., Ishraq Husain, I. H., & Bilal, S. (2011). Hematological and biochemical parameters of Kashmiri goats in different climatic conditions, 481-487. Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/ijavms.12944
Cox, R. A., & García-Palmieri, M. R. (2011). Cholesterol, triglycerides, and associated lipoproteins. Link
Devendra, C., & Burns, M. (1983). Goat production in the tropics (No. Ed. 2, pp. viii+-183). Link.
Esfandabad, B. S., Karami, M., Hemami, M. R., Riazi, B., & Sadough, M. B. (2010). Habitat associations of wild goat in central Iran: Implications for conservation. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 56(6), 883–894. Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10344-010-0386-9
Frandson, R. D. (1986). Anatomy and physiology of farm animals. Link
Genov, P., Georgiev, G., & Georgiev, V. (2009). Persian wild goat (Capra aegagrus Erxleben)—biology, ecology and possibilities for its re-introduction in Bulgaria. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 23(sup1), 341- 342. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2009.10818434 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2009.10818434
Gupta, J. P., Pandey, D. P., & Shah, R. R. (2016). Genetic studies on growth traits of Mehsana goat of Gujarat, India. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 50(2), 164–167. https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.6700 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.6700
Hassan, D. I., Musa-Azara, I. S., Mohammed, J., & Zanwa, I. A. (2013). Influence of age , sex and season on haematology and serum chemistry of Red Sokoto goats in Lafia, Nasarawa state. International Journal of Agricultural Scieces and Veterinary Medicine, 1(4), 57–63. Link.
Hassan, M. M., Hoque, M. A., Islam, S. K. M. A., Khan, S. A., Roy, K., & Banu, Q. (2014). A prevalence of parasites in black bengal goats in Chittagong, Bangladesh. International Journal of Livestock Production, 2(4), 40–44. Link.
Harper, H. A., Rodwell, V. W., & Mayer, P. A. (1977). Review of Physiological Chemistry (6th Edn.) California, Lange Medical Publ., pp: 559-578. Http. en (2006). Link.
Jyoti Mahore, J. M., & Mahanta, S. K. (2013). Certain haematological and biochemical parameters in local Bundelkhandi goats.36-39. Link
Karaşahin, T., Aksoy, N. H., Dursun, Ş., Bulut, G., Haydardedeoğlu, A. E., Çamkerten, G., Çamkerten, İ., & İlgün, R. (2022). Effects of age and sex on some hematological and biochemical parameters in Hair goats. Veterinary Research Forum, 13(1), 15–19. Link
Khan, A., Rehman, S., Imran, R., & Pitafi, K. D. (2013). Analysis of serum cholesterol level in goats breeds in Gilgit-Baltistan area of Pakistan. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology. A, 3(4A), 302. Link.
Kumar, S., & Roy, M. M. (2013). Small Ruminant’s Role in Sustaining Rural Livelihoods in Arid and Semiarid Regions and their Potential for Commercialization. New Paradigms in Livestock Production from Traditional to Commercial and Beyond, 57–80. Link
Mbassa, G. K., & Poulsen, J. S. D. (1993). Reference ranges for clinical chemical values in Landrace goats. Small Ruminant Research, 10(2), 133-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(93)90056-N. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0921-4488(93)90056-N
Mohammed, S. A., Razzaque, M. A., Omar, A. E., Albert, S., & Al-Gallaf, W. M. (2016). Biochemical and hematological profile of different breeds of goat maintained under intensive production system. African Journal of Biotechnology, 15(24), 1253-1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2016.15362
Molale, G., Antwi, M. A., Lekunze, J. N., & Luvhengo, U. (2017). General linear model analysis of behavioural responses of Boer and Tswana goats to successive handling. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 51(4), 781-784. http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijar.10986 DOI: https://doi.org/10.18805/ijar.10986
Mott, G. E., Jackson, E. M., McMahan, C. A., & McGill Jr, H. C. (1990). Cholesterol metabolism in adult baboons is influenced by infant diet. The Journal of nutrition, 120(3), 243-251. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/120.3.243 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/120.3.243
Ngere, L. O., Adu, I. F., & Okubanjo, I. O. (1984). The indigenous goats of Nigeria. Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales, 3, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1014233900000109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1014233900000109
Okonkwo, J. C., Omeje, I. S., Okonkwo, I. F., & Umeghalu, I. C. E. (2010). Effects of breed, sex and source within breed on the blood bilirubin, cholesterol and glucose concentrations of nigerian goats. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9(2), 120–124. Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2010.120.124
Ramprabhu, R., Chellapandian, M., Balachandran, S., & Rajeswar, J. (2010). Influence of age and sex on blood parameters of Kanni goats in Tamil Nadu. The Indian Journal of Small Ruminants, 16(2), 249–251. Link
Saez, F., Ouvrier, A., & Drevet, J. R. (2011). Epididymis cholesterol homeostasis and sperm fertilizing ability. Asian Journal of Andrology, 13(1), 11–17. Link. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/aja.2010.64
Samira, A. M., Mohammed, A. R., Anaam, E. O., Sheeba, A., & Waleed, M. A. G. (2016). Biochemical and hematological profile of different breeds of goat maintained under intensive production system. African Journal of Biotechnology, 15(24), 1253–1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2016.15362 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2016.15362
Sharma, A. K., & Puri, G. (2013). Effect of extreme hot condition on serum biochemical constituents in Marwari Goats. Livestock Research International, 1(1), 23-28. Link
Sharma, A. K., & Kataria, N. (2012). Influence of season on some serum metabolites of Marwari goats. Indian Journal of Small Ruminants (The), 18(1), 52-55. Link
Silanikove, N. (2000). The physiological basis of adaptation in goats to harsh environments. Small ruminant research, 35(3), 181-193. Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(99)00096-6
Stevens, J. B., Anderson, K. L., Correa, M. T., Stewart, T., & Braselton Jr, W. E. (1994). Hematologic, blood gas, blood chemistry, and serum mineral values for a sample of clinically healthy adult goats. Veterinary clinical pathology, 23(1), 19-24. Link DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165X.1994.tb01011.x
Takada, T., Kikkawa, Y., Yonekawa, H., Kawakami, S., & Amano, T. (1997). Bezoar (Capra aegagrus) is a matriarchal candidate for ancestor of domestic goat (Capra hircus): evidence from the mitochondrial DNA diversity. Biochemical Genetics, 35, 315-326. Link. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021869704889
Tambuwal, F. M., Agale, B. M., & Bangana, A. (2002, March). Haematological and biochemical values of apparently healthy Red Sokoto goats. In Proceeding of 27th Annual Conference Nigerian Society of Animal Production (NSAP) (Vol. 50, p. 53). Link.
Waziri, M. A., Ribad, A. Y., & Sivachelvan, N. (2010). Changes in the serum proteins, hematological and some serum biochemical profifi les in the gestation period in the Sahel goats. Veterinarski Arhiv, 80(2), 215–224. Link.