Main Article Content
Abstract
Scabies is a skin disease caused by the parasite Sarcoptes scabiei, which leads to severe itching. Approximately 200 million people worldwide are affected by scabies. This study aims to assess the prevalence of scabies and evaluate its diagnostic methods in healthcare centers in Kabul. The study used a questionnaire to collect and analyze demographic information and risk factors associated with the disease. The results indicate that scabies accounts for 15.94% of skin diseases. The infection rate was higher in males (59.1%) compared to females (40.9%), and it was more prevalent among single individuals (53.7%) than married individuals (46.3%). Among those affected, the prevalence was notably high in individuals aged 19–39 years (30.8%), those with primary education (29.3%), those with poor economic status (43%), individuals from larger families (75.8%), and those who had a history of contact with an infected person (69.7%). All in all, the high prevalence of scabies among skin conditions presents a significant challenge. Despite the availability of effective diagnostic methods, scabies in these centers is primarily diagnosed based on clinical symptoms. Implementing appropriate diagnostic techniques is essential for effective disease management.
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References
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- Arlian, L. G., & Morgan, M. S. (2017). A review of Sarcoptes scabiei: past, present and future. Parasites & vectors, 10, 1-22. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2234-1.
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- Haile, T., Sisay, T., & Jemere, T. (2020). Scabies and its associated factors among under 15 years' children in Wadila district, Northern Ethiopia, 2019. Pan African Medical Journal, 37(1) doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.224.25753.
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- Kosmala, A., Kowalczyk, M. J., & Żaba, R. (2021). Dermoscopy, light microscopy, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of scabies. Preliminary results. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 38(4), 578-584. doi.org/10.5114/ada.2020.94275
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- Rahman, M. S., Hasan, A. N., Jahan, I., & Sharif, A. B. (2024). Prevalence of scabies and its associated environmental risk factors among the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals living in the Cox's Bazar district of Bangladesh. Journal of Migration and Health, 9, 100220. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100220
- Saghafipour A. Arsang Sh. Mohammadbaygi A. Shamsodini M. (2015). Determining the prevalance rate of scabies and its associated social factors among patients attending heealth centers in the Qom province(2005-2013). Journal of Military Medicine, 44. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4379.0563
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- Seetan, K., Rashdan, Y., & al Momani, A. (2021). Impact of socio-demographic factors on knowledge, attitude and practices toward scabies among syrian refugees in Jordan: A prospective cross sectional study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 69, 102738. doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102738
- Tiwari, J., Pradesh, M., & Collage, M. (2015). Prevalence of scabies and associated risk factors among patients attending general OPD of a community health center in Panna District: A hospital based study. Med Sci, 4, 312-4. doi.org/10.36106/paripex
- Tunje, A., Churko, C., Haftu, D., Alagaw, A., & Girma, E. (2020). Prevalence of scabies and its associated factors among school age children in Arba Minch zuria district, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. bioRxiv, 2020-03. doi:10.1101/2020.03.16.993576
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References
Ararsa, G., Merdassa, E., Shibiru, T., & Etafa, W. (2023). Prevalence of scabies and associated factors among children aged 5–14 years in Meta Robi District, Ethiopia. PloS one, 18(1). doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277912
Arlian, L. G., & Morgan, M. S. (2017). A review of Sarcoptes scabiei: past, present and future. Parasites & vectors, 10, 1-22. doi: 10.1186/s13071-017-2234-1.
Cahyanti, K. D., Joko, T., & Sulistiyani, S. (2020). Factors associated with scabies (literature study in indonesian islamic boarding schools). International Journal of Health, Education & Social (IJHES), 3(9), 81-96. doi.org/10.1234/ijhes.v3i9.120
Farhana, R. C., Khalid, H., & Shumaila, N. (2018). Scabies Prevalence and Risk Factors in Pakistan: A Hospital-Based Survey. Biomed J 2: 2–8. doi:10.26717/BJSTR.2018.02.000726
Faridi, T. A., & Rathor, H. R. (2020). Prevalence and Associated Factors of Scabies In An Urban Slum Area, Islamabad: Scabies in scabies in an urban Slum area. MARKHOR (The Journal of Zoology), 08-13. doi:10.54393/mjz.v1i2.4
Gilson, R. L., & Crane, J. S. (2023). Scabies. [Updated 2022 Aug 1]. Stat Pearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat Pearls Publishing. nih.gov/books/NBK544306/
Haile, T., Sisay, T., & Jemere, T. (2020). Scabies and its associated factors among under 15 years' children in Wadila district, Northern Ethiopia, 2019. Pan African Medical Journal, 37(1) doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.224.25753.
Hussain, A. H., Hussain, N. M., & Ali, S. (2021). An overview of the epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis and treatment of scabies. The British Student Doctor Journal, 5(1), 54-61. doi: 10.18573/bsdj.162
Jetly, K. J. J. K., Ibrahim, F. E., Karim, I. K. A., Jeevanathan, C., Mokti, K. H. A. L. I. D., & Pang, N. T. P. (2022). Risk factors for scabies in school children: A systematic review. Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 17(2), 117-25. doi: 10.20953/1817-7646-2022-2-117-125
Khoobdel, M., Azari-Hamidian, S., Hanafi-Bojd, A. A., Bakhshi, H., Jafari, A., & Moradi, M. (2022). Scabies as a neglected tropical disease in Iran: A systematic review with meta-analysis, during 2000–2022. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, 16(3), 180. doi: 10.18502/jad. v16i3.12034
Kim, D. H., Kim, Y., Yun, S. Y., Yu, H. S., Ko, H. C., & Kim, M. (2024). Risk factors for scabies in hospital: a systematic review. BMC Infectious Diseases, 24(1), 353. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09167-6
Kosmala, A., Kowalczyk, M. J., & Żaba, R. (2021). Dermoscopy, light microscopy, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of scabies. Preliminary results. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 38(4), 578-584. doi.org/10.5114/ada.2020.94275
Leung, A. K., Lam, J. M., & Leong, K. F. (2020). Scabies: a neglected global disease. Current pediatric reviews, 16(1), 33-42. doi.org/10.2174/1573396315666190717114131
Liu, J. M., Wang, H. W., Chang, F. W., Liu, Y. P., Chiu, F. H., Lin, Y. C., ... & Hsu, R. J. (2016). The effects of climate factors on scabies. A 14-year population-based study in Taiwan. Parasite, 23, 54. doi: 10.1051/parasite/2016065
Nawaz, K., Khan, S., & Bibi, A. (2024). Insights into scabies prevalence and risk factors. Bulletin of Biological and Allied Sciences Research, 2024(1),68-68. doi.org/10.54112/bbasr.v2024i1.68
Norouzi, R. (2020). Sarcoptes Scabiei Infestation in Iran: A Brief Review Report. Medical Laboratory Journal, 14(2). doi: 10.29252/mlj.14.2.42
Oktarina, C., Surya, D., Sukma, P. M. G., Manurung, T. H. P., & Widaty, S. (2021). Association between nutritional status and scabies infestation in a boarding school in Indonesia: a cross sectional study. Iranian Journal of Dermatology, 24(4), 280-285. doi.org/10.22034/ijd.2020.241529.1179
Pence, D. B., & Ueckermann, E. (2002). Sarcoptic mange in wildlife. Revue Scientifique et Technique-Office international des Epizooties, 21(1), 385-398. doi:10.20506/rst.21.2.1335
Rahman, M. S., Hasan, A. N., Jahan, I., & Sharif, A. B. (2024). Prevalence of scabies and its associated environmental risk factors among the Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals living in the Cox's Bazar district of Bangladesh. Journal of Migration and Health, 9, 100220. doi.org/10.1016/j.jmh.2024.100220
Saghafipour A. Arsang Sh. Mohammadbaygi A. Shamsodini M. (2015). Determining the prevalance rate of scabies and its associated social factors among patients attending heealth centers in the Qom province(2005-2013). Journal of Military Medicine, 44. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4379.0563
Saraj, W. A., Ahadi, A. W., Sah, R., & Neyazi, A. (2023). Scabies Outbreak in Afghanistan Calls for Urgent International Response. Razi International Medical Journal, 3(2), 51-53. doi.org/10.56101/rimj.v3i2.125
Schneider, S., Wu, J., Tizek, L., Ziehfreund, S., & Zink, A. (2023). Prevalence of scabies worldwide—An updated systematic literature review in 2022. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 37(9), 1749-1757. doi.org/10.1111/jdv.19167
Seetan, K., Rashdan, Y., & al Momani, A. (2021). Impact of socio-demographic factors on knowledge, attitude and practices toward scabies among syrian refugees in Jordan: A prospective cross sectional study. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 69, 102738. doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2021.102738
Tiwari, J., Pradesh, M., & Collage, M. (2015). Prevalence of scabies and associated risk factors among patients attending general OPD of a community health center in Panna District: A hospital based study. Med Sci, 4, 312-4. doi.org/10.36106/paripex
Tunje, A., Churko, C., Haftu, D., Alagaw, A., & Girma, E. (2020). Prevalence of scabies and its associated factors among school age children in Arba Minch zuria district, Southern Ethiopia, 2018. bioRxiv, 2020-03. doi:10.1101/2020.03.16.993576
World Health Organization. (2024, March 14). Scabies. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/scabies