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Abstract

Microwave radiation is a kind of electromagnetic energy that has a frequency between 0.3 GHz and 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 mm and 1 m. Microwave energy has grown in popularity as a heating technology in organic synthesis, mainly due to its increased reaction rate, lower energy consumption, higher yields, enhanced selectivity, ease of operation, and environmental friendliness. Since 1980, the usage of microwave reaction systems in chemistry as a strong, dependable energy source has expanded to include a wide range of processes, including dehydration, polymerization, extraction, synthesis of fine compounds, and organic synthesis. The influence of microwave radiation on reaction rates, yields, reaction times, and selectivity of particular types of organic reactions will be the main emphasis of this review paper.

Keywords

Microwave Radiation Organic Synthesis Extraction Selectivity Reaction Rates

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Author Biography

Mohammad Tahir Aminzai, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan

روغن خام نباتی که از طریق فشار میخانیکی یا استخراج با محلل به دست می‌آید، شامل انواع ناخالصی‌های است که به طور طبیعی در دانه‌های روغنی موجود می‌باشند. روغن‌های خام نباتی تقریباً از ۹۸ درصد ترای گلیسراید و سایر مرکبات مانند پروتین‌ها، ویتامین‌ها، اسیدهای شحمی آزاد، صمغ‌ها، رزین‌ها، الدیهاید‌ها، کیتون‌ها، فاسفیت‌ها و غیره به نسبت جزئی تشکیل شده اند. به غیر از روغن‌ زیتون، متباقی روغن‌های خام مانند روغن‌های سویا، جواری، گل آفتاب‌پرست وغیره را نمی‌توان بدون انجام پروسه‌های تصفیه‌سازی مستقیماً مصرف کرد. هدف از تصفیه روغن، به دست آوردن کیفیت بهتر، بی‌بو، رنگ روشن‌تر، پایداری طولانی‌تر و صحی ساختن آن می‌باشد. در این مقاله مروری تصفیه فزیکی و کیمیاوی روغن خام نباتی مورد بحث قرار گرفته و در نتیجه فواید و نواقص هر دو میتود به تفصیل توضیح داده شده است.

 

How to Cite
Aminzai, M. T. ., & Zhwand, A. K. (2025). Investigating the Effects of Microwave Energy on Synthesis of Organic Compounds. Journal of Natural Sciences – Kabul University, 6(4), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.62810/jns.v6i4.358
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