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Abstract
The skeletons of fowl, including chickens and ducks, are compact and pneumatized. The developmental stages of the keel bone in fowl progress slowly, and its ossification takes a considerable amount of time. The keel is the largest bone in the fowl skeleton, and its development is particularly pronounced. This study conducts a comparative anatomical analysis of the keel in ducks and chickens. In this research, the keel bone was measured using a ruler and tape. The results show that the keel bone in male ducks and cocks is larger than that of females. Additionally, the keel in both male and female ducks is wider than in chickens. This wider keel in ducks may be attributed to their living habits and swimming behavior.
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References
- احمدزی، ن. (۱۳۹۷). مرغداری و تکنالوژی تولید تخم و گوشت مرغ. مجله علمی پوهنتون کابل: صص ۴ - ۲۲.
- اکبری، ع. و لالهاند، س. (۱۳۹۳). زولوژی فقاریان. انتشارات قرطبه.
- پوررضا، ج. (۱۳۸۳). اصول علمی و عملی پرورش طیور. اصفهان.
- تایب، ک، ص. (۱۳۹۸). حیوانات فقاریه. انتشارات سعید.
- حبیبی، ط. (۱۳۸۵). جانورشناسی عمومی. انتشارات پوهنتون تهران.
- زهری، م. ع. (۱۳۸۲). پرورش طیور گوشتی. پوهنتون تهران.
- صمدی، ف. (۱۳۹۴). اناتومی و فیزیولوژی طـیور. پوهنتون علـوم کشـاورزی و منـابع طـبیعی گـرگـان.
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- Banerjee, G., C. (2008). Poultry, 4th edition, Oxford & IBH publishing Ltd.; Pp:14-263. https://www.amazon.com/POULTRy-Banerjee/dp/8120417801
- Coles, B. (2007). Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edn. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1-4051-5755-1
- Currie, W., B. (1992). Structure and function of domestic animals. New York; Pp: 24-47. https://vetbooks.ir/structure-and-function-of-domestic-animals/
- Doneley, B. (2011). Avian Medicine and Surgery in Practice. Companion and aviary birds. 2nd ed. CRC Press. Pp: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.1201/978131537104
- Duncker, H., R. (2004). Vertebrate lungs: structure, topography and mechanics. A comparative perspective of the progressive integration of respiratory system, locomotor apparatus and ontogenetic development. Review. Respir Physiol Neurobiol; 144: 111–24. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2004.07.020
- Dyce, K., M., Sack, W., O. & Wensing, C., J., G. (2002). Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 3rd edition, Saunders, Philadelphia; Pp: 1-11. ISBN-10 : 0721689663
- Eurell, J. & Frappier, B., L. (2006). Dellmann’s Textbook of Veterinary Histology. 6th edn. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN: 978-0-781-74148-4
- Evans, H., E. (1982). Anatomy of the Budgerigar. In: Petrak ML (ed). Diseases of cage and aviary birds. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. ISBN#081210692X
- Frank, T., Probst, A., König, H., E., Walter, I. (2006). The syrinx of the male mallard (Anas platyrhynchos): Special anatomical features. Anat Histol Embryol; 36: 121–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2006.00737.x
- Frank, T., Walter, I., Probst, A., König, H., E. (2006). Histological aspects of the syrinx of the male mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Anat Histol Embryol; 35: 396–401. PMID: 17156094
- Hodges, C., D. (1974). The histology of the fowl. London: Academic Press. ISBN-10 : 0123513502
- King, A., S. & McLelland, J. (1980). Form and Function in Birds, Vol. 1. Academic Press. ISBN 0124075010, 9780124075016
- King, A., S. & McLelland, J. (1981). Form and Function in Birds. Vol. 2. Academic Press. https://biostor.org/reference/200364
- King, A., S. & McLelland, J. (1985). Form and Function in Birds, Vol. 3. Academic Press. ISBN 0124075037, 9780124075030
- King, A., S. & McLelland, J. (1989). Form and Function in Birds. Vol. 4. Academic Press. ISBN 0124075045, 9780124075047.
- Koch, T. (1973). Anatomy of the Chicken and Domestic Birds. Lowa State University Press; P: 29. PMCID: PMC1231422
- McLelland, J., King, A., S. (1970). The gross anatomy of the peritoneal coelomic cavities of Gallus domesticus. Anat Anz; 127: 480–90. PMID: 5501359
- McLelland, J. (1990). Avian Anatomy. London: Wolfe Publishing. ISBN: 0723415757
- Nickel, R., Schummer, A. & Seiferle, E. (1977). Anatomy of the Domestic Birds. Verlag Paul Parey Berlin, Hamburg; P: 10. ISBN : 3489554183
- Popescu, A. (1997). Normal and pathological histology of bone development in birds. Bukarest: Publirom.
- Quinn, T., H., Baumel, J., J. (1990). The digital tendon locking mechanism of the avian foot (Aves). Zoomorphology; 109: 281–93. DOI:10.1007/BF00312195
- Redig, P., T., Brown, P., A. & Gordon, J., J. (2000). Classification of fractures of avian long bones. Proceedings of Association of Avian Veterinarians, Tampa; Session #5. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6453
- Tadjalli, M., Ghazi, S., R. & Parto, P. (2009). Gross anatomy of the heart in Ostrich (Struthio camelus). Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research; 10(1): 21–27. DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2009.1084
- Tully, N., T., Dorrestein, G., M & Jones, A., K. (2009). Avian Medicine. 2nd edn. Saunders Elsevier. Hardback ISBN: 9780702028748
- Wideman, J., R., Braun, E., J. & Anderson, G., L. (1981). Microanatomy of the renal cortex in the domestic fowl. Journal of Morphology; 168: 249–267. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680302
References
احمدزی، ن. (۱۳۹۷). مرغداری و تکنالوژی تولید تخم و گوشت مرغ. مجله علمی پوهنتون کابل: صص ۴ - ۲۲.
اکبری، ع. و لالهاند، س. (۱۳۹۳). زولوژی فقاریان. انتشارات قرطبه.
پوررضا، ج. (۱۳۸۳). اصول علمی و عملی پرورش طیور. اصفهان.
تایب، ک، ص. (۱۳۹۸). حیوانات فقاریه. انتشارات سعید.
حبیبی، ط. (۱۳۸۵). جانورشناسی عمومی. انتشارات پوهنتون تهران.
زهری، م. ع. (۱۳۸۲). پرورش طیور گوشتی. پوهنتون تهران.
صمدی، ف. (۱۳۹۴). اناتومی و فیزیولوژی طـیور. پوهنتون علـوم کشـاورزی و منـابع طـبیعی گـرگـان.
Abourachid, A. (2001). Kinematic parameters of terrestrial locomotion in cursorial (ratites), swimming (ducks), and striding birds (quail and guinea fowl). Comp Biochem Physiol; Part A 131: 113–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00471-8
Banerjee, G., C. (2008). Poultry, 4th edition, Oxford & IBH publishing Ltd.; Pp:14-263. https://www.amazon.com/POULTRy-Banerjee/dp/8120417801
Coles, B. (2007). Essentials of Avian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd edn. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-1-4051-5755-1
Currie, W., B. (1992). Structure and function of domestic animals. New York; Pp: 24-47. https://vetbooks.ir/structure-and-function-of-domestic-animals/
Doneley, B. (2011). Avian Medicine and Surgery in Practice. Companion and aviary birds. 2nd ed. CRC Press. Pp: 1-43. https://doi.org/10.1201/978131537104
Duncker, H., R. (2004). Vertebrate lungs: structure, topography and mechanics. A comparative perspective of the progressive integration of respiratory system, locomotor apparatus and ontogenetic development. Review. Respir Physiol Neurobiol; 144: 111–24. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2004.07.020
Dyce, K., M., Sack, W., O. & Wensing, C., J., G. (2002). Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy. 3rd edition, Saunders, Philadelphia; Pp: 1-11. ISBN-10 : 0721689663
Eurell, J. & Frappier, B., L. (2006). Dellmann’s Textbook of Veterinary Histology. 6th edn. Blackwell Publishing. ISBN: 978-0-781-74148-4
Evans, H., E. (1982). Anatomy of the Budgerigar. In: Petrak ML (ed). Diseases of cage and aviary birds. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. ISBN#081210692X
Frank, T., Probst, A., König, H., E., Walter, I. (2006). The syrinx of the male mallard (Anas platyrhynchos): Special anatomical features. Anat Histol Embryol; 36: 121–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0264.2006.00737.x
Frank, T., Walter, I., Probst, A., König, H., E. (2006). Histological aspects of the syrinx of the male mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). Anat Histol Embryol; 35: 396–401. PMID: 17156094
Hodges, C., D. (1974). The histology of the fowl. London: Academic Press. ISBN-10 : 0123513502
King, A., S. & McLelland, J. (1980). Form and Function in Birds, Vol. 1. Academic Press. ISBN 0124075010, 9780124075016
King, A., S. & McLelland, J. (1981). Form and Function in Birds. Vol. 2. Academic Press. https://biostor.org/reference/200364
King, A., S. & McLelland, J. (1985). Form and Function in Birds, Vol. 3. Academic Press. ISBN 0124075037, 9780124075030
King, A., S. & McLelland, J. (1989). Form and Function in Birds. Vol. 4. Academic Press. ISBN 0124075045, 9780124075047.
Koch, T. (1973). Anatomy of the Chicken and Domestic Birds. Lowa State University Press; P: 29. PMCID: PMC1231422
McLelland, J., King, A., S. (1970). The gross anatomy of the peritoneal coelomic cavities of Gallus domesticus. Anat Anz; 127: 480–90. PMID: 5501359
McLelland, J. (1990). Avian Anatomy. London: Wolfe Publishing. ISBN: 0723415757
Nickel, R., Schummer, A. & Seiferle, E. (1977). Anatomy of the Domestic Birds. Verlag Paul Parey Berlin, Hamburg; P: 10. ISBN : 3489554183
Popescu, A. (1997). Normal and pathological histology of bone development in birds. Bukarest: Publirom.
Quinn, T., H., Baumel, J., J. (1990). The digital tendon locking mechanism of the avian foot (Aves). Zoomorphology; 109: 281–93. DOI:10.1007/BF00312195
Redig, P., T., Brown, P., A. & Gordon, J., J. (2000). Classification of fractures of avian long bones. Proceedings of Association of Avian Veterinarians, Tampa; Session #5. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.6453
Tadjalli, M., Ghazi, S., R. & Parto, P. (2009). Gross anatomy of the heart in Ostrich (Struthio camelus). Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research; 10(1): 21–27. DOI: 10.22099/ijvr.2009.1084
Tully, N., T., Dorrestein, G., M & Jones, A., K. (2009). Avian Medicine. 2nd edn. Saunders Elsevier. Hardback ISBN: 9780702028748
Wideman, J., R., Braun, E., J. & Anderson, G., L. (1981). Microanatomy of the renal cortex in the domestic fowl. Journal of Morphology; 168: 249–267. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680302