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Abstract
Metabolic disorders in cattle are a group of diseases that primarily affect dairy cows immediately after parturition. Dairy cattle require minerals in their diet for optimal productivity, which are obtained from feed and fodder. The intake of minerals through feed and water must balance their output through feces, urine, and milk to maintain animal health. If output exceeds intake, animals compensate for short periods by mobilizing body reserves. However, prolonged imbalances lead to productivity-related problems. This study aims to review several factors, such as breed, age, season, environment, and body condition, that contribute to the occurrence of metabolic diseases in cows.
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References
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References
B. N. Ametaj, “veterinary science,” in veterinary science, First., C. S. Robert J. Hudson, Ole Nielsen, J. Bellamy, Ed. British: EOLSS Publications, 2010, p. 56.
J. R. Roche and D. P. Berry, “Periparturient climatic, animal, and management factors influencing the incidence of milk fever in grazing systems,” J. Dairy Sci., vol. 89, no. 7, pp. 2775–2783, 2006, doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72354-2.
Jesse P. Goff, large animal internal medicine, Fifth., vol. 7, no. 1. U S A: Elsevier, 2015.
E. Bzuneh, T. Alemneh, and M. Getabalew, “Milk Fever (Parturient Paresis) and Its Economic Impact in Dairy Cattle Production,” J Vet Med Res, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 1191, 2020, [Online]. Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343345516.
H. Atalay, “The effect of body condition score on nutritional diseases and milk yield in dairy cattle,” Turkish J. Vet. Anim. Sci., vol. 43, no. 5, pp. 692–697, 2019, doi: 10.3906/vet-1812-59.
T. H. Herdt, Metabolic Diseases of OF NORTH AMERICA :, First Edit., vol. 29. U S A: Elsevier, 2013.
A. Zelal, “Hypomagnesemia Tetany in Cattle,” Adv. Dairy Res., vol. 05, no. 02, 2017, doi: 10.4172/2329-888x.1000178.
E. Bombik, J. Sokół, and K. Pietrzkiewicz, “Fatty liver disease in dairy cattle – risk factors, symptoms and prevention,” Rocz. Nauk. Pol. Tow. Zootech., vol. 16, no. 4, Accepted for print, pp. 51–58, 2020, doi: 10.5604/01.3001.0014.6072.