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Abstract
Participatory Epidemiology is a branch of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) that is an important tool for collecting valuable data. This review article aims to explore the advantages and limitations of Participatory Epidemiology. In this approach, local people, farmers, and shepherds are used as sources of information. Since this is a review article, the research method has primarily been library-based, utilizing various international articles and relevant websites. Triangulation is a key principle of participatory epidemiology, where the animal, the animal's owner, and the researcher form the triangle's three points. Participatory Epidemiology is generally used in public health, disease surveillance, and other research fields, and it is recognized as an essential method for collecting oral information. This review article aims to familiarize readers with the basic techniques of Participatory Epidemiology. Overall, we can conclude that Participatory Epidemiology is an appropriate, cost-effective, and rapid method for data collection.
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References
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- Catley, A., & Admassu, B. (2003). FAO-OIE-AU/IBAR-IAEA Consultative Group Meeting on Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Africa Using Participatory Epidemiology to Assess the Impact of Livestock Diseases. November.
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- Curdt, W., & Schreiber-Barsch, S. (2020). Abilities in the blind spot of testing regimes: Eliciting the benefits and the limitations of participatory research approaches for numeracy in adult basic education. International Review of Education, 66(2–3), 387–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-020-09848-9
- Ebata, A., Hodge, C., Braam, D., Waldman, L., Sharp, J., MacGregor, H., & Moore, H. (2020). Power, participation and their problems: A consideration of power dynamics in the use of participatory epidemiology for one health and zoonoses research. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104940
- Gizaw, S., Desta, H., Alemu, B., Tegegne, A., & Wieland, B. (2020). Importance of livestock diseases identified using participatory epidemiology in the highlands of Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(4), 1745–1757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02187-4
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- Hussain, M., Malik, M. A., Fatima, Z., & Yousuf, M. R. (2005). Participatory surveillance of livestock diseases in Islamabad Capital Territory. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 7(4), 567–570.
- Ilri, Fao, Govs, & Usaid. (2011). A manual for practitioners in community-based animal health outreach (CAHO) for highly pathogenic avian influenza. In A Repository of Agricultural Research Output (Issue January).
- Jost, C. C., Mariner, J. C., Roeder, P. L., Sawitri, E., & Macgregor-Skinner, G. J. (2007). Participatory epidemiology in disease surveillance and research. OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique, 26(3), 537–549. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.26.3.1765
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- Mariner, J. C., Hendrickx, S., Pfeiffer, D. U., Costard, S., Knopf, L., Okuthe, S., Chibeu, D., Parmley, J., Musenero, M., Pisang, C., Zingeser, J., Jones, B. A., Ali, S. N., Bett, B., McLaws, M., Unger, F., Araba, A., Mehta, P., & Jost, C. C. (2011). Integration of participatory approaches. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 30(3), 653–659.
- Prattley, D. J. (2009). Risk-based surveillance in animal health. Sciences-New York.
- Rowley, T. (2010). Participatory digital map- making in arid areas of Kenya and Tanzania 4. Participatory Learning and Action, 51–66.
- Rubio, M., Sánchez-Ronco, M., Mohedano, R., & Hernando, A. (2018). The impact of participatory teaching methods on medical students’ perception of their abilities and knowledge of epidemiology and statistics. PLoS ONE, 13(8), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202769
- Stärk, K. D. C., Regula, G., Hernandez, J., Knopf, L., Fuchs, K., Morris, R. S., & Davies, P. (2006). Concepts for risk-based surveillance in the field of veterinary medicine and veterinary public health: Review of current approaches. BMC Health Services Research, 6, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-6-20
- Wario, H. T., Roba, H. G., & Kaufmann, B. (2015). Shaping the Herders’ “Mental Maps”: Participatory Mapping with Pastoralists’ to Understand Their Grazing Area Differentiation and Characterization. Environmental Management, 56(3), 721–737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0532-y
- WOAH. (2018). Manual 5: Surveillance and epidemiology. 23.
- Yu, X., Fang, M., Wang, S., Li, Z., Cheng, L., Liu, Z., Zhang, D., Dong, D., & Kou, Z. (2022). Investigation on an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in a county of Shandong Province, China, 2021. BMC Infectious Diseases, 22(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07802-8
References
صمدی، ا. (1398). اساسات اپیدمیولوژی و احصائیه حیاتی. کابل: انتشارات سعید، صص313-316.
Adami, H., & Trichopoulos, D. (1999). Epidemiology , medicine and public health. International Journal of Epidemiology, 1005–1008.
Aminu, O. R., Forde, T. L., Ekwem, D., Johnson, P., Nelli, L., Mmbaga, B. T., Mshanga, D., Shand, M., Shirima, G., Walsh, M., Zadoks, R. N., Biek, R., & Lembo, T. (2022). Participatory mapping identifies risk areas and environmental predictors of endemic anthrax in rural Africa. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-14081-5
Bach, M. (2014). 9th European Public Health Conference: Parallel Sessions 221. : : Parallel Sessions, 221.
Bach, M., Jordan, S., Hartung, S., Santos-Hövener, C., & Wright, M. T. (2017). Participatory epidemiology: The contribution of participatory research to epidemiology. Emerging Themes in Epidemiology, 14(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-017-0056-4
Catley, A. (2006). Use of participatory epidemiology to compare the clinical veterinary knowledge of pastoralists and veterinarians in East Africa. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 38(3), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-006-4365-9
Catley, A., & Admassu, B. (2003). FAO-OIE-AU/IBAR-IAEA Consultative Group Meeting on Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia in Africa Using Participatory Epidemiology to Assess the Impact of Livestock Diseases. November.
Chambers, L. E., Plotz, R. D., Lui, S., Aiono, F., Tofaeono, T., Hiriasia, D., Tahani, L., Fa’anunu, ‘Ofa, Finaulahi, S., & Willy, A. (2020). Seasonal Calendars Enhance Climate Communication in the Pacific. Weather, Climate, and Society, 13(1), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-20-0035.1
Chen, W. J., Lai, S. J., Yang, Y., Liu, K., Li, X. Lou, Yao, H. W., Li, Y., Zhou, H., Wang, L. P., Mu, D., Yin, W. W., Fang, L. Q., Yu, H. J., & Cao, W. C. (2016). Mapping the Distribution of Anthrax in Mainland China, 2005–2013. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(4), 2005–2013. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0004637
Curdt, W., & Schreiber-Barsch, S. (2020). Abilities in the blind spot of testing regimes: Eliciting the benefits and the limitations of participatory research approaches for numeracy in adult basic education. International Review of Education, 66(2–3), 387–413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-020-09848-9
Ebata, A., Hodge, C., Braam, D., Waldman, L., Sharp, J., MacGregor, H., & Moore, H. (2020). Power, participation and their problems: A consideration of power dynamics in the use of participatory epidemiology for one health and zoonoses research. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2020.104940
Gizaw, S., Desta, H., Alemu, B., Tegegne, A., & Wieland, B. (2020). Importance of livestock diseases identified using participatory epidemiology in the highlands of Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 52(4), 1745–1757. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02187-4
Hohenberg, M. (2004). The Epidemiological Approach. Jrsm, 97(9), 453–453. https://doi.org/10.1258/jrsm.97.9.453
Hussain, M., Malik, M. A., Fatima, Z., & Yousuf, M. R. (2005). Participatory surveillance of livestock diseases in Islamabad Capital Territory. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 7(4), 567–570.
Ilri, Fao, Govs, & Usaid. (2011). A manual for practitioners in community-based animal health outreach (CAHO) for highly pathogenic avian influenza. In A Repository of Agricultural Research Output (Issue January).
Jost, C. C., Mariner, J. C., Roeder, P. L., Sawitri, E., & Macgregor-Skinner, G. J. (2007). Participatory epidemiology in disease surveillance and research. OIE Revue Scientifique et Technique, 26(3), 537–549. https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.26.3.1765
Kananura, R. M., Ekirapa-Kiracho, E., Paina, L., Bumba, A., Mulekwa, G., Nakiganda-Busiku, D., Oo, H. N. L., Kiwanuka, S. N., George, A., & Peters, D. H. (2017). Participatory monitoring and evaluation approaches that influence decision-making: Lessons from a maternal and newborn study in Eastern Uganda. Health Research Policy and Systems, 15(Suppl 2). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-017-0274-9
Mariner, J. C., Hendrickx, S., Pfeiffer, D. U., Costard, S., Knopf, L., Okuthe, S., Chibeu, D., Parmley, J., Musenero, M., Pisang, C., Zingeser, J., Jones, B. A., Ali, S. N., Bett, B., McLaws, M., Unger, F., Araba, A., Mehta, P., & Jost, C. C. (2011). Integration of participatory approaches. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 30(3), 653–659.
Prattley, D. J. (2009). Risk-based surveillance in animal health. Sciences-New York.
Rowley, T. (2010). Participatory digital map- making in arid areas of Kenya and Tanzania 4. Participatory Learning and Action, 51–66.
Rubio, M., Sánchez-Ronco, M., Mohedano, R., & Hernando, A. (2018). The impact of participatory teaching methods on medical students’ perception of their abilities and knowledge of epidemiology and statistics. PLoS ONE, 13(8), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202769
Stärk, K. D. C., Regula, G., Hernandez, J., Knopf, L., Fuchs, K., Morris, R. S., & Davies, P. (2006). Concepts for risk-based surveillance in the field of veterinary medicine and veterinary public health: Review of current approaches. BMC Health Services Research, 6, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-6-20
Wario, H. T., Roba, H. G., & Kaufmann, B. (2015). Shaping the Herders’ “Mental Maps”: Participatory Mapping with Pastoralists’ to Understand Their Grazing Area Differentiation and Characterization. Environmental Management, 56(3), 721–737. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-015-0532-y
WOAH. (2018). Manual 5: Surveillance and epidemiology. 23.
Yu, X., Fang, M., Wang, S., Li, Z., Cheng, L., Liu, Z., Zhang, D., Dong, D., & Kou, Z. (2022). Investigation on an outbreak of cutaneous anthrax in a county of Shandong Province, China, 2021. BMC Infectious Diseases, 22(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-022-07802-8