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Abstract
Current population growth and technological advancement are negatively impacting and endangering global biological diversity. Although human beings began life as living creatures and powerful species on Earth, there is a prevailing belief that all species and resources are solely for human use. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has established conservation categories to protect endangered species. The aim of this study is to describe these conservation categories. A qualitative method was used to analyze IUCN documents and regulations. The results show that the IUCN has established nine categories: Extinct (EX), Extinct in the Wild (EW), Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN), Vulnerable (VU), Near Threatened (NT), Least Concern (LC), Data Deficient (DD), and Not Evaluated (NE). These categories are used to assess the condition of species. Furthermore, examples of species analyzed under these categories are provided. Additionally, the red list for countries, regions, and globally has been determined, and actions have been taken for species conservation.
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References
- ريچارډ پريماک. ژغورونکي بيالوژي، ملي تحريک فرهنګي څانګه،د وفاالرحمن وفا ژباړه- سهر مطبعه، کابل، ۲۰۱۶.
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- IUCN. Newsletter of the Species Survival Commission. 1993;(47):76.
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- Strona G. Assessing fish vulnerability: IUCN vs FishBase. Aquat Conserv Mar Freshw Ecosyst. 2014;24(2):153–4.
- Rodrigues ASL, Pilgrim JD, Lamoreux JF, Hoffmann M, Brooks TM. The value of the IUCN Red List for conservation. Trends Ecol Evol. 2006;21(2):71–6.
- Conservation H. C Ritically E Ndangered S Pecies. 2018;13(January):146–57.
- Kareiva P, Floberg J. Endangered species. Encycl Ecol. 2018;(August 2013):424–30.
- Mace GM. Identifying the World ’ s Most Climate Change Vulnerable Species : A Systematic Trait-Based Assessment of all Birds , Amphibians and Corals. 2013;8(6).
- Bachman S, Walker BE, Barrios S, Copeland A, Moat J. Rapid least concern: Towards automating red list assessments. Biodivers Data J. 2020;8(1).
- Bland LM, Bielby J, Kearney S, Orme CDL, Watson JEM, Collen B. Toward reassessing data-deficient species. Conserv Biol. 2017;31(3):531–9.
- Kestemont B. The bottom-up assessment of threatened species. Nat Conserv Res. 2019;4(3):93–106.
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References
ريچارډ پريماک. ژغورونکي بيالوژي، ملي تحريک فرهنګي څانګه،د وفاالرحمن وفا ژباړه- سهر مطبعه، کابل، ۲۰۱۶.
Andermann T, Faurby S, Cooke R, Silvestro D, Antonelli A. iucn_sim: a new program to simulate future extinctions based on IUCN threat status. Ecography (Cop). 2020;1–15.
Warmenbol C, Smith M. International union for conservation of nature (IUCN). Wetl B I Struct Funct Manag Methods. 2018;665–9.
IUCN. Newsletter of the Species Survival Commission. 1993;(47):76.
Union I. Leaflets_Final. 1948;
Rodríguez-Rodríguez EJ, Beltrán JF, El Mouden EH, Slimani T, Márquez R, Donaire-Barroso D. Climate change challenges IUCN conservation priorities: a test with western Mediterranean amphibians. SN Appl Sci. 2020;2(2).
McDonald K. IUCN: a history of constraint. Perm Work Cent Philos Law. 2003;1–25.
Strona G. Assessing fish vulnerability: IUCN vs FishBase. Aquat Conserv Mar Freshw Ecosyst. 2014;24(2):153–4.
Rodrigues ASL, Pilgrim JD, Lamoreux JF, Hoffmann M, Brooks TM. The value of the IUCN Red List for conservation. Trends Ecol Evol. 2006;21(2):71–6.
Conservation H. C Ritically E Ndangered S Pecies. 2018;13(January):146–57.
Kareiva P, Floberg J. Endangered species. Encycl Ecol. 2018;(August 2013):424–30.
Mace GM. Identifying the World ’ s Most Climate Change Vulnerable Species : A Systematic Trait-Based Assessment of all Birds , Amphibians and Corals. 2013;8(6).
Bachman S, Walker BE, Barrios S, Copeland A, Moat J. Rapid least concern: Towards automating red list assessments. Biodivers Data J. 2020;8(1).
Bland LM, Bielby J, Kearney S, Orme CDL, Watson JEM, Collen B. Toward reassessing data-deficient species. Conserv Biol. 2017;31(3):531–9.
Kestemont B. The bottom-up assessment of threatened species. Nat Conserv Res. 2019;4(3):93–106.
Richard.B. P.Essential of Conservation Biology. Fourth Edition. Sinauer Associates, Inc.; 2006, 23 Plumtree Road, Sunderland, MA 01375 USA.