Main Article Content
Abstract
Chickens and ducks are domestic birds that humans have interacted with for a long time, using their various products such as meat, eggs, and feathers. In Afghanistan, people have traditionally raised these birds in houses. This article presents a comparative study of the feathers of chickens and ducks, using simple materials (ruler and measuring tape) and methods (measurement). The study found that the feathers of all parts of the chicken (hen and cock) are larger in length and width compared to those of ducks (duck and drake). It can be concluded that chickens are capable of short flight, which may explain why their feathers are larger than those of ducks, which are not as capable of flight.
Keywords
Article Details
Copyright (c) 2024 Reserved for Kabul University.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
- قاضی، سید رضا. اناتومی پرنده‌گان اهلی، چاپ دوم انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز. ۱۳۸۰: صص۵-۲۶.
- نبی، محمد. زولوژی، نشرات تحصیلات عالی کابل. ۱۳۸۴: صص ۱۸-۲۵.
- کرمانی، رسول زنده روح. فیزیولوژی پرنده‌گان، جلد اول. ۱۳۷۴: صص۲۹۵-۲۹۷.
- دادرس، حبیب الله. پرنده‌گان ساختار و فعالیت بدنی آن‌ها، جلد دوم. ۱۳۷۵: صص۳۹-۴۸.
- رضائیان، مریم. بافت شناسی طیور، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، جلد اول. 1389: صص۳۴-۴۸ .
- رشیدی، هدایت الله. کالبدشناسی پرنده‌گان، انتشارات دانشگاه شهید چمبران، جلد سوم. ۱۳۷۱: صص۱۹۶-۲۰۵.
- Dyce KM, Sack WO and Wensing CJG. Veterinary Anatomy, 3rd edition Saunders. USA. 2002; Pp 799-824.
- Jensen P, Keeling L, Schütz K. Feather pecking in chickens is genetically related to behavioural and developmental traits. Physiology and Behavior. 2005; 86: 52–60.
- Bestman MWP and Wagenaar JP. Farm level factors associated with feather pecking in organic laying hens. Livestock Production Science. 2003; 80: 133-140.
- Laboriau R, Kjaer JB, Abreu GCG, Hedegaard J and Buitenhuis AJ. Analysis of severe feather pecking behavior in a high feather pecking selection line. Poultry Science. 2009; 88:2052-2062.
- Keeling LJ. Feather pecking and cannibalism in layers. Poultry International. 1995; 46: 50.
- Green LE, Lewis K, Kimpton A. and Nicol CJ. Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of feather pecking in laying hens in alternative systems and its association with management and disease. Veterinary Record. 2000; 147: 233-238.
- Drake KA, Donnelly CA and Stamp Dawkins M. Influence of rearing and lay risk factors on propensity for feather damage in laying hens. British Poultry Science. 2010: 51: 725-733.
- Kjaer JB, Sørensen P and Su G. Divergent selection on feather pecking behaviour in laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2001; 71:229-239.
- Harlander-Matauschek A, Piepho HP and Bessei W. The effect of feather eating on feed passage in laying hens. Poultry Science. 2006; 85: 21-25.
- Wysocki M, Bessei W, Kjaer JB and Bennewitz J. Genetic and physiological factors influencing feather pecking in chickens. World's Poultry Science Journal. 2010; 66: 659-672.
- McKeegan DEF and Savory CJ. Feather eating in layer pullets and its possible role in the aetiology of feather pecking damage, Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 1999; 65: 73-85.
- Vestergaard KS and Lisborg L. A model of feather pecking development which relates to dustbathing in the fowl. Behaviour. 1993; 126: 291-308.
- McAdie TM and Keeling LJ. The social transmission of feather pecking in laying hens: effects of environment and age. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2002; 75: 147-159.
- Gentle MJ and Hunter LN. Physiological and behavioural responses associated with feather removal in Gallus gallus var domesticus. Research in Veterinary Science. 1991; 50: 95-101.
- McLelland JA. A Color Atlas of Avian Anatomy. Wolfe publishing Ltd. 1990; Pp 9-46.
- Kjaer JB and Vestergaard KS. Development of feather pecking in relation to light intensity. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 1999; 62: 243-254.
- Prum RO and Brush AH. The evolutionary origin and diversification of feathers. The Quarterly Review of Biology. 2002; 77 (3), 261-295.
References
قاضی، سید رضا. اناتومی پرنده‌گان اهلی، چاپ دوم انتشارات دانشگاه شیراز. ۱۳۸۰: صص۵-۲۶.
نبی، محمد. زولوژی، نشرات تحصیلات عالی کابل. ۱۳۸۴: صص ۱۸-۲۵.
کرمانی، رسول زنده روح. فیزیولوژی پرنده‌گان، جلد اول. ۱۳۷۴: صص۲۹۵-۲۹۷.
دادرس، حبیب الله. پرنده‌گان ساختار و فعالیت بدنی آن‌ها، جلد دوم. ۱۳۷۵: صص۳۹-۴۸.
رضائیان، مریم. بافت شناسی طیور، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، جلد اول. 1389: صص۳۴-۴۸ .
رشیدی، هدایت الله. کالبدشناسی پرنده‌گان، انتشارات دانشگاه شهید چمبران، جلد سوم. ۱۳۷۱: صص۱۹۶-۲۰۵.
Dyce KM, Sack WO and Wensing CJG. Veterinary Anatomy, 3rd edition Saunders. USA. 2002; Pp 799-824.
Jensen P, Keeling L, Schütz K. Feather pecking in chickens is genetically related to behavioural and developmental traits. Physiology and Behavior. 2005; 86: 52–60.
Bestman MWP and Wagenaar JP. Farm level factors associated with feather pecking in organic laying hens. Livestock Production Science. 2003; 80: 133-140.
Laboriau R, Kjaer JB, Abreu GCG, Hedegaard J and Buitenhuis AJ. Analysis of severe feather pecking behavior in a high feather pecking selection line. Poultry Science. 2009; 88:2052-2062.
Keeling LJ. Feather pecking and cannibalism in layers. Poultry International. 1995; 46: 50.
Green LE, Lewis K, Kimpton A. and Nicol CJ. Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of feather pecking in laying hens in alternative systems and its association with management and disease. Veterinary Record. 2000; 147: 233-238.
Drake KA, Donnelly CA and Stamp Dawkins M. Influence of rearing and lay risk factors on propensity for feather damage in laying hens. British Poultry Science. 2010: 51: 725-733.
Kjaer JB, Sørensen P and Su G. Divergent selection on feather pecking behaviour in laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2001; 71:229-239.
Harlander-Matauschek A, Piepho HP and Bessei W. The effect of feather eating on feed passage in laying hens. Poultry Science. 2006; 85: 21-25.
Wysocki M, Bessei W, Kjaer JB and Bennewitz J. Genetic and physiological factors influencing feather pecking in chickens. World's Poultry Science Journal. 2010; 66: 659-672.
McKeegan DEF and Savory CJ. Feather eating in layer pullets and its possible role in the aetiology of feather pecking damage, Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 1999; 65: 73-85.
Vestergaard KS and Lisborg L. A model of feather pecking development which relates to dustbathing in the fowl. Behaviour. 1993; 126: 291-308.
McAdie TM and Keeling LJ. The social transmission of feather pecking in laying hens: effects of environment and age. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2002; 75: 147-159.
Gentle MJ and Hunter LN. Physiological and behavioural responses associated with feather removal in Gallus gallus var domesticus. Research in Veterinary Science. 1991; 50: 95-101.
McLelland JA. A Color Atlas of Avian Anatomy. Wolfe publishing Ltd. 1990; Pp 9-46.
Kjaer JB and Vestergaard KS. Development of feather pecking in relation to light intensity. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 1999; 62: 243-254.
Prum RO and Brush AH. The evolutionary origin and diversification of feathers. The Quarterly Review of Biology. 2002; 77 (3), 261-295.