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Abstract
Olfaction is essential for survival and breeding in mammals. Using this sense, mammals communicate with their habitat, locate food, avoid predators, and navigate their partners for breeding. In mammals, the central nervous system allocates different peripheral receptor organs for detecting odorants, including the main olfactory epithelium, which lines the dorso-caudal region of the nasal cavity known as the olfactory region; the vomeronasal organ, a paired tubular organ located at the base of the nasal septum; the septal organ; and the Grunberg ganglion, which are present in rodents. The aforementioned organs detect chemical signals from the environment and transfer them to different parts of the brain. This review paper provides detailed information on the anatomy of olfactory organs in mammals.
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References
- Liberles, S. D. Mammalian pheromones. Annu. Rev. Physiol, 2014;76: 151-175.
- Eisthen, H. L. and Polese, G. Evolution of vertebrate olfactory subsystems. In: Kaas, J. H, [ed] Evolution of Nervous System, Non-mammalian Vertebrate,. Academic Press, Oxford., 2007; Vol 2, pp. 355-406.
- Munger, D. S.-Z. Subsystem organization of the mammaline sense of smell. Annu. Rev. Physiol., 2009; 71: 115-140.
- Breer. H., Fleischer, J. and Strotmann, J. The sense of smell: multiple olfactory subsystems. Cell. Mol. Life sci., 2006; 63: 1465-1475.
- Storan, M. J. and Key, B. Septal organ Gruneberg is part of olfactory system . J. C. Neurolog, 2006; 494: 834-844.
- Barrios, A. W., Munez, G., Quinterio, P. S. and Salazar, I. Anatomy, histochemestry, and immunohistochemistry of the olfactory subsystems in mice. Frontiers in neuroanatomy, 2014; 8: 63.
- Barrios, A. W., Quinteiro, P. S. and Salazae, I. The nasal cavity of the sheep and its olfactory sensory epithelium. Microscopy research and Technique, 2014; 77: 1052-1059.
- Dulac, C. Sensory coding of pheromone signals in mammals. . Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 2000; 10: 511-518.
- Dulac, C. and Axel, R. A novel family of genes encoding putative pheromone receptors in mammals. Cell, 1995; 83: 195-206.
- Menco, B. P. M. and Morrison, E. E. Morphology of the mammalian olfctory epithelium: From, fine structure, function and pathology. New york: Marcel Dekke. Inc. 2003
- Halpern, M. and Martínez-Marcos, A. Structure and function of the vomeronasal system: an update. Prog. Neurobiol., 2003; 70: 245-318.
- Døving, K. B. and Trotier, D. Structure and function of vomeronasal organ. J. Exp. Biol., 1998; 201: 2913-2925.
- Liberles, S. D. Mammalian pheromones. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2014; 76, 151-175.
- Matsunami, H. and Buck, L. B. A multigene family encoding a diverse array of putative pheromone receptors in mammals. . Cell, 1997; 90: 775-784.
- Fleischer, J., Breer, H. and Stortmann, J. Mammalian olfactory receptors. . Front. Cell. Neurosci. 2009; 3: 1-9.
- Adams, D.R. and Mcforland, L.Z. Septal olfactory organ in Peromyscus. Com. Biochem. Physiol., 1971; 40: 971-974.
- Levai, O. and Strotman, J. Projection pattern of nerve fibers from the septal organ: DiI-tracing studeis with transgeneic OMP mice. Histochem. Cell Biol., 2003; 120: 483-492.
- Ma, M., Gromaitre, X., Iwema, C. L., Baker, H. Greer, G. A. and Shephard, G. M. Olfactory signal transduction in the mouse septal organ. J. Neurosci, 2003; 23(1): 317-324.
- Kaluza, J. F., Gussing, F., Bohm, S., Breer, H. and Strotmann, J. Olfactory organ in the mouse septal organ. J. Neurosci, 2004; 76(4): 442-452.
- Fleischer, J. and Breer, H. The gruenberg ganglion: a novel sesnsory system in the nose. Histol Histopathol, 2010. 25: 909-915.
- Tachibana, T., Fujiwara, N. and Nawa, T. The ultrastructure of the ganglionated nerve plexus in the nasal vestibular mucosa of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus, Insectivora). Arch Histol Cytol,1990; 53(2): 147-156.
- Fleischer, J., Hass, N., Schwarzenbacher, K., Besser, S. and Breer, H. A novel population of the neuronal cells expressing the olfactory marker protein (OMP) in the anterior/dorsal region of the nasal cavity. Histochem Cell Biol, 2006;125: 337-349.
- Fleishcher, J., Schwarzenbacher, K., Besser, S., Has, N. and Breer, H. Olfactory receptor and signaling elements in the Gruenberg ganglion. J. Neuroch, 2006; 98: 543-554.
- Villamayor PR, Cifuentes JM, Fdz-de-Troconiz P, Sanchez-Quinteiro P. Morphological and immunohistochemical study of the rabbit vomeronasal organ. J. Anat. 2018; 233(6):814-827.
References
Liberles, S. D. Mammalian pheromones. Annu. Rev. Physiol, 2014;76: 151-175.
Eisthen, H. L. and Polese, G. Evolution of vertebrate olfactory subsystems. In: Kaas, J. H, [ed] Evolution of Nervous System, Non-mammalian Vertebrate,. Academic Press, Oxford., 2007; Vol 2, pp. 355-406.
Munger, D. S.-Z. Subsystem organization of the mammaline sense of smell. Annu. Rev. Physiol., 2009; 71: 115-140.
Breer. H., Fleischer, J. and Strotmann, J. The sense of smell: multiple olfactory subsystems. Cell. Mol. Life sci., 2006; 63: 1465-1475.
Storan, M. J. and Key, B. Septal organ Gruneberg is part of olfactory system . J. C. Neurolog, 2006; 494: 834-844.
Barrios, A. W., Munez, G., Quinterio, P. S. and Salazar, I. Anatomy, histochemestry, and immunohistochemistry of the olfactory subsystems in mice. Frontiers in neuroanatomy, 2014; 8: 63.
Barrios, A. W., Quinteiro, P. S. and Salazae, I. The nasal cavity of the sheep and its olfactory sensory epithelium. Microscopy research and Technique, 2014; 77: 1052-1059.
Dulac, C. Sensory coding of pheromone signals in mammals. . Curr. Opin. Neurobiol., 2000; 10: 511-518.
Dulac, C. and Axel, R. A novel family of genes encoding putative pheromone receptors in mammals. Cell, 1995; 83: 195-206.
Menco, B. P. M. and Morrison, E. E. Morphology of the mammalian olfctory epithelium: From, fine structure, function and pathology. New york: Marcel Dekke. Inc. 2003
Halpern, M. and Martínez-Marcos, A. Structure and function of the vomeronasal system: an update. Prog. Neurobiol., 2003; 70: 245-318.
Døving, K. B. and Trotier, D. Structure and function of vomeronasal organ. J. Exp. Biol., 1998; 201: 2913-2925.
Liberles, S. D. Mammalian pheromones. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2014; 76, 151-175.
Matsunami, H. and Buck, L. B. A multigene family encoding a diverse array of putative pheromone receptors in mammals. . Cell, 1997; 90: 775-784.
Fleischer, J., Breer, H. and Stortmann, J. Mammalian olfactory receptors. . Front. Cell. Neurosci. 2009; 3: 1-9.
Adams, D.R. and Mcforland, L.Z. Septal olfactory organ in Peromyscus. Com. Biochem. Physiol., 1971; 40: 971-974.
Levai, O. and Strotman, J. Projection pattern of nerve fibers from the septal organ: DiI-tracing studeis with transgeneic OMP mice. Histochem. Cell Biol., 2003; 120: 483-492.
Ma, M., Gromaitre, X., Iwema, C. L., Baker, H. Greer, G. A. and Shephard, G. M. Olfactory signal transduction in the mouse septal organ. J. Neurosci, 2003; 23(1): 317-324.
Kaluza, J. F., Gussing, F., Bohm, S., Breer, H. and Strotmann, J. Olfactory organ in the mouse septal organ. J. Neurosci, 2004; 76(4): 442-452.
Fleischer, J. and Breer, H. The gruenberg ganglion: a novel sesnsory system in the nose. Histol Histopathol, 2010. 25: 909-915.
Tachibana, T., Fujiwara, N. and Nawa, T. The ultrastructure of the ganglionated nerve plexus in the nasal vestibular mucosa of the musk shrew (Suncus murinus, Insectivora). Arch Histol Cytol,1990; 53(2): 147-156.
Fleischer, J., Hass, N., Schwarzenbacher, K., Besser, S. and Breer, H. A novel population of the neuronal cells expressing the olfactory marker protein (OMP) in the anterior/dorsal region of the nasal cavity. Histochem Cell Biol, 2006;125: 337-349.
Fleishcher, J., Schwarzenbacher, K., Besser, S., Has, N. and Breer, H. Olfactory receptor and signaling elements in the Gruenberg ganglion. J. Neuroch, 2006; 98: 543-554.
Villamayor PR, Cifuentes JM, Fdz-de-Troconiz P, Sanchez-Quinteiro P. Morphological and immunohistochemical study of the rabbit vomeronasal organ. J. Anat. 2018; 233(6):814-827.