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Abstract
The advent of the internet and the technological innovations associated with it have driven significant advances in surgical teaching and learning. The ease of access to information and the variety of online resources facilitate the rapid sharing of surgical knowledge, promoting new patterns of teaching and learning. Educational content from online platforms adds both theoretical and practical knowledge, accelerating the learning curve and continuing education of surgeons. The internet and its associated technological advances can substantially reduce barriers, allowing faster and easier access to teaching. This study reviews how the advent of the internet has influenced the teaching and dissemination of knowledge in veterinary surgery.
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References
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References
Annandale, A., Scheepers, E., & Fosgate, G. T. The effect of an ovariohysterectomy model practice on surgical times for final-year veterinary students’ first live-animal ovariohysterectomies. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 2020; 47(1): 44-55.
Autry, A. M., Knight, S., Lester, F., Dubowitz, G., Byamugisha, J., Nsubuga, Y., et al. Teaching surgical skills using video internet communication in a resourcelimited setting. Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2013; 122(1): 127–131.
Bernardo, A. Virtual Reality and Simulation in Neurosurgical training. World Neurosurgery, 2017; 106: 1015–1029.
Baran, S. W., Johnson, E. J., Kehler, J., & Hankenson, F. C. Development and implementation of multimedia content for an electronic learning course on rodent surgery. Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science, 2010; 49(3): 307–311.
Blau, G., Jarrell, S., Seeton, A., Young, T., Grace, K., & Hughes, M. Proposing an expanded measure for comparing online/hybrid to face-to-face courses. Journal of Education and Development, 2018; 2: 1–9.
Bunogerane, G. J., Taylor, K., Lin, Y., & Costas-Chavarri, A. Using touch surgery to improve surgical education in low-and middle-income settings: A randomized control trial. Journal of Surgical Education, 2018; 75(1): 231–237.
Bowen, M. Covid-19 has changed how we teach students. Veterinary Record, 2020; 186 (14): 461.
Clements, D. N., Broadhurst, H., Clarke, S. P., Farrell, M., Bennett, D., & Mosley, J. R. The effectiveness of 3D animations to enhance understanding of cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education, 2013; 40(1): 29–34.
Ertmer, P. A., & Koehler, A. A. Facilitation strategies and problem space coverage: Comparing face-to-face and online case-based discussions. Educational Technology Research and Development, 2018; 66: 639–670.
Francis, M. K., Wormington, S. V., & Hulleman, C. The costs of online learning: examining differences in motivation and academic outcomes in online and face-toface community college developmental mathematics courses. Frontiers in Psychology, 2019; 10: 1–12.
Gyles, C.. Robots in medicine. The Canadian Veterinary Journal, 2019; 60: 819–820. PMID: 31391598.
Granja, C., Janssen, W., & Johansen, M. A. Factors determining the success and failure of eHealth interventions: Systematic review of the literature. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2018; 20(5): e10235.
Gao, R., Liu, J., Jing, S., Mao, W., He, P., Liu, B., et al. Developing a 3D animation tool to improve veterinary undergraduate understanding of obstetrical problems in horses. The Veterinary Record, 2020; 187(9): e73.
Hunt, J. A., Heydenburg, M., Anderson, S. L., & Thompson, R. R. Does virtual reality training improve veterinary students’ first canine surgical performance? Veterinary Record, 2020; 186(17): 562.
Kim, Y. J., Kelley, B. P., Nasser, J. S., & Chung, K. C. Implementing Precision medicine and Artificial intelligence in plastic surgery: Concepts and future prospects. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open, 2019 ; 7(3): e2113.
Lee, T. B., Cailliau, R., and Groff, J. F.. World-wide web: The information universe. Internet Research, 1992; 2(1): 52–58.
Lee, L. A., Wang, S. L., Chao, Y. P., Tsai, M. S., Hsin, L. J., & Kang, C. J. Mobile Technology in E-Learning for undergraduate medical education on emergent otorhinolaryngology-head and neck surgery disorders: Pilot randomized controlled trial. JMIR Medical Education, 2018; 4(1): e8.
Mayer, R. E. Applying the science of learning: Evidence- based principles for the design of multimedia instruction. American Psychologist, 2008; 63(8): 760–769.
Moss, C. Touch surgery: An inventive adjunct to surgical training. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 2017; 46(1): 211.
Mota, P., Carvalho, N., Carvalho-Dias, E., Costa, M. J., Correia-Pinto, J., & Lima, E. Video-Based surgical learning: Improving trainee education and preparation for surgery. Journal of Surgical Education, 2018; 75(3): 828–835.
Mutter, D., Vix, M., Dallemagne, B., Perretta, S., Leroy, J., & Marescaux, J. WeBSurg: An innovative educational Web site in minimally invasive surgery–principles and results. Surgical Innovation, 2011; 18(1): 8–14.
Mandler, A. G. Touch surgery: A twenty-first century platform for surgical training. Journal of Digital Imaging, 2018; 31(5): 585–590.
Ruiz, J. G., Mintzer, M. J., & Leipzig, R. M. The impact of e-learning in medical education. J. Academic Medicine, 2006; 81(3): 207–212.
Souza, G,V., Hespanha, A. C. V., Paz, B. F., Sa, M. A. R., Carneiro, R. K., Guaita, S. A.M., Magalhaes, T. V., Minto, B. W., Dias, LG.G.G. Impact of the internet on veterinary surgery, Veterinary and Animal Science 2021; 11: 1-8.
Sawras, M., Khosa, D., Lissemore, K., Duffield, T., & Defarges, A. Case-Based elearning experiences of second-year veterinary students in a clinical medicine course at the Ontario veterinary college. J. Veterinary Medical Education. 2020; p: 300-306.
Tarpada, S. P., Morris, M. T., & Burton, D. A E-learning in orthopedic surgery training: A systematic review. Journal of Orthopaedics, . 2016; 13(4): 425–430.