Main Article Content
Abstract
Natural resources, including medicinal plants, are rich and important for creating jobs and promoting socio-economic development in Afghanistan. Due to its unique geopedological location, Afghanistan has an extraordinary capacity for producing and exporting medicinal plants. This review article aimed to investigate medicinal plants’ role in developing the country’s economy and job creation. The data was collected by reviewing relevant literature using keywords such as medicinal plants, economy, job creation, cultivation, and domestication of plant species and analyzed. As a result, it was found that plant resources, which include medicinal, aromatic, transgenic, and other valuable plant species, play an important role in creating jobs in different sectors. In this way, medicinal plants are considered a bridge between sustainable economic growth, affordable health care, and biodiversity conservation in developing the economy and creating jobs in the country.
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References
- بابری، ع. م.، & صدیقی، م. ن. (1391). ترویج و استفاده از گیاهان طبی افغانستان در مرحله اعمار مجدد کشور. درمل(شماره چهارم)، 1- 13.
- ﺧﺪاوردﯾﺰاده ، م.، & محمدی، س. (1396). ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﺎزار ﺻﺎدرات ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎنداروﯾﯽ ) ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي: رازﯾﺎﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎدﯾﺎن، اﻧﯿﺴﻮن و ﮔﺸﻨﯿﺰ(ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي، 9(2)، 471 - 351. https://jae.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_2384.html
- سنایی، ز.، & زمانی، ا. (1394). صادرات و نقش گیاهان طبی در خودکفایی اقتصادی کشور. اولین همایش گیاهان طبی و دارو های گیاهی. https://civilica.com/doc/433588/
- محمدزاده، ح. س.، ﮐﺮﺑﺎﺳﯽ، ع. ر.، & ﻣحﻤﺪي4 ، ح. (1398). تجارت گياهان دارويي و رونق توليد آن در استان خراسان رضوي. امنیت غذایی و رونق تولید (صص. 196- 208). همایش تخصصی ملی . https://profdoc.um.ac.ir/articles/a/1080687.pdf
- معاونت دیپلماسی اقتصادی وزارت امور خارجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران. (1402). آمار تجارت خارجی افغانستان با برخی کشورها در 9 ماه اول سال 1402.معاونت دیپلماسی اقتصادی وزارت امور خارجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران: https://economic.mfa.ir/portal/newsview/738625
- موید، ا.، فراش زاده، ش.، & فلاحی راد، ن. (1397). نقش گیاهان طبی در توسعه و پیشرفت اقتصاد ملی و اشتغال زایی (مطالعه استان لرستان). همایش تولید ملی و اشتغال پایدار، چالش ها و راهکارها. https://civilica.com/l/9098/
- یونس, م. ن. (2019). طب سنتی و کاربرد نباتات طب طبی در افغانستان. فرانسه: انتشارات بامیان(انجمن فرهنگ افغانستان).
- Alipourkhasht, M., Jafari, H., & Alizadeh , K. (2021). The Effect of Cultivation of Medicinal Plants on Job Creatio. International Journal of Modern Agriculture,, 10(2), 24-27. Retrieved from https://www.modern-journals.com/index.php/ijma/article/view/1082
- Anonymus. (2023). Afghanistan Exports of plants for pharmacy, perfume, insecticides to Iran. Retrieved from Trading Economics: https://tradingeconomics.com/afghanistan/exports/iran/plants-pharmacy-perfume-insecticides
- Ariana News. (2022). Kandahar exports over 113,000 tons of dried fruits, herbs in one year:. Ariana News. Retrieved from https://www.ariananews.af/kandahar-exports-over-113000-tons-of-dried-fruits-herbs-in-one-year officials/#:~:text=More%20than%20113%2C000%20tons%20of,generated%20%24308%20million%20in%20revenue.
- Astutik, S., Pretzsch, J., & Kimengsi, J. N. (2019). Asian Medicinal Plants’ Production and Utilization Potentials: A Review. Sustainability, 11(5483), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195483
- Bureau, E. B. (2017). Afghanistan. Business Economics. Retrieved from https://businesseconomics.in/afghanistan
- Chapman, K., & Chomchalow, N. (2005). Production of medicinal plants in Asia. Acta Hortic, 679, 54-59. doi:10.17660/ACTAHORTIC.2005.679.6
- Chen, S.-L., Yu, H., Luo,, H.-M., Wu, Q., Li, C.-F., & Steinmetz , A. (2016). Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants: problems, progress, and prospects. Chinese Medicine, 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-016-0108-7
- Clark, K. (2012). Plants of Afghanistan 1: Centre of Global Biodiversity. Retrieved from Afghanistan Analysis Network: https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/context-culture/plants-of-afghanistan-1-centre-of-global-biodiversity/
- Emran, S. E., Hosainy, S. A., & Faqiri, S. (2023). Supply and Consumption Methods of Medicinal Plants in Mazar-e-Sharif City, Afghanistan. Nangarhar University International Journal of Biosciences, 2(2), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.70436/nuijb.v2i02.44
- Farnsworth, N. R., Akerele, O., Bingel, A. S., Soejarto, D. D., & Guo, Z. (1985). Medicinal plants in therapy*. Bull World Health Organ, 63(6), 965–981. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2536466/
- Halilu, E. M. (2022). Cultivation and Conservation of African Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical Research and Socio-Economic Development. In S. Kumar (Ed.), Medicinal Plants. doi:10.5772/intechopen.102637
- Jeelan, S., Rather, G. A., Sharma, A., & Lattoo, S. K. (2018). In perspective: Potential medicinal plant resources of Kashmir Himalayas, their domestication and cultivation for commercial exploitation. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 8, 10-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2017.11.001
- Karunamoorthi, K., Jegajeevanram, K., Vijayalakshmi , J., & Mengistie , E. (2013). Traditional Medicinal Plants: A Source of Phytotherapeutic Modality in Resource-Constrained Health Care Settings. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 18(1), 67-74. doi:10.1177/2156587212460241
- Kassam, K.-A., Karamkhudoeva, M., Ruelle, M., & Baumflek , M. (2010). Medicinal Plant Use and Health Sovereignty: Findings from the Tajik and Afghan Pamirs. Hum Ecol , 38, 817–829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-010-9356-9
- Lisk, F. (2017). Labour and employment creation with African resource Majidi, A. H. (2023). Medicinal Plant Diversity and Utilization in the Argo District of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, 7(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1145726
- Majidi, A. H. (2023). Medicinal Plant Diversity and Utilization in the Argo District of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, 7(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1145726
- Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock. (2019). Cultivation Of Medicinal Plants; Treatment Instead Of Pain. Retrieved 2023, from Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock.: https://mail.gov.af/en/node/551
- MOCI. (2021). Increase in the Export of Medicinal Plants and Oils. Retrieved 2024, from Ministry of Industry and Commerce: https://moci.gov.af/en/increase-export-medicinal-plants-and-oils
- Muradi, A. J., & Boz, I. (2018). The Contribution of Agriculture Sector in the Economy of Afghanistan. International Journal of Scientific and Management, 6, 750-755. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v6i10.em04
- Omid, M. H. (2018). Afghan Herbs and Spices Total $144m USD In Exports. Tolo News. Retrieved 2024, from https://tolonews.com/business/afghan-herbs-and-spices-total-144m-usd-exports#:~:text=Officials%20from%20Afghanistan%20Chamber%20of,country%20over%20%24144%20million%20USD.
- Ramawat, K. G., & Arora , J. (2021). Medicinal Plants Domestication, Cultivation, Improvement, and Alternative Technologies for the Production of High Value Therapeutics: An Overview. In H. M. Ekiert, K. G. Ramawat, & J. Arora (Eds.), Medicinal Plants (Vol. 28, pp. 1–29). Cham: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74779-4_1
- Rezai, N. (2021). Medicinal plants; Fresh breath for economy of the country. Retrieved 2024, from Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock: https://mail.gov.af/en/node/5646
- Sarwary, A. (2011). Opportunities for Economic Growth in Afghanistan. Center for conflict and peace studies of Afghanistan. Retrieved from https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/167207/Economic%20Growth%20opportunities%20in%20Afghanistan%20final.pdf
- Shabbir , A., Kousar , S., & Kousar , F. (2020`). The role of natural resources in economic growth: new evidence from Pakistan. . Journal of Economics, Financeand Administrative Science, 25(50), 221-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-03-2019-0044
- Sher, H., Aldosari, A., Ali, A., & Boer, H. J. (2014). Economic benefits of high value medicinal plants to Pakistani communities: an analysis of current practice and potential. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine, 10, 71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-10-71
- Sofowora, A., Ogunbodede, E., & Onayade, A. (2013). The role and place of medicinal plants in the strategies for disease prevention. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 10(5), 210-29. doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v10i5.2.
- Srivastava, J., Lambert, J., & Vietmeyer, N. (1996). Medicinal Plants: An Expanding Role in Development. Economic literature, 320. Washington, D.C.: World Bank - Technical Papers. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/fth/wobate/320.html
- Vasisht , K., Sharma, N., & Karan, M. (2016). Current Perspective in the International Trade of Medicinal Plants Material: An Update. Curr Pharm Des, 22(27), 4288-336. doi:10.2174/1381612822666160607070736.
- Wangchuk, P., & Tobgay, T. (2015). Contributions of medicinal plants to the Gross National Happiness and Biodiscovery in Bhutan. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine, 11, 48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0035-1
References
بابری، ع. م.، & صدیقی، م. ن. (1391). ترویج و استفاده از گیاهان طبی افغانستان در مرحله اعمار مجدد کشور. درمل(شماره چهارم)، 1- 13.
ﺧﺪاوردﯾﺰاده ، م.، & محمدی، س. (1396). ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﯽ و ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺑﺎزار ﺻﺎدرات ﺟﻬﺎﻧﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎنداروﯾﯽ ) ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻮردي: رازﯾﺎﻧﻪ، ﺑﺎدﯾﺎن، اﻧﯿﺴﻮن و ﮔﺸﻨﯿﺰ(ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﮐﺸﺎورزي، 9(2)، 471 - 351. https://jae.marvdasht.iau.ir/article_2384.html
سنایی، ز.، & زمانی، ا. (1394). صادرات و نقش گیاهان طبی در خودکفایی اقتصادی کشور. اولین همایش گیاهان طبی و دارو های گیاهی. https://civilica.com/doc/433588/
محمدزاده، ح. س.، ﮐﺮﺑﺎﺳﯽ، ع. ر.، & ﻣحﻤﺪي4 ، ح. (1398). تجارت گياهان دارويي و رونق توليد آن در استان خراسان رضوي. امنیت غذایی و رونق تولید (صص. 196- 208). همایش تخصصی ملی . https://profdoc.um.ac.ir/articles/a/1080687.pdf
معاونت دیپلماسی اقتصادی وزارت امور خارجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران. (1402). آمار تجارت خارجی افغانستان با برخی کشورها در 9 ماه اول سال 1402.معاونت دیپلماسی اقتصادی وزارت امور خارجه جمهوری اسلامی ایران: https://economic.mfa.ir/portal/newsview/738625
موید، ا.، فراش زاده، ش.، & فلاحی راد، ن. (1397). نقش گیاهان طبی در توسعه و پیشرفت اقتصاد ملی و اشتغال زایی (مطالعه استان لرستان). همایش تولید ملی و اشتغال پایدار، چالش ها و راهکارها. https://civilica.com/l/9098/
یونس, م. ن. (2019). طب سنتی و کاربرد نباتات طب طبی در افغانستان. فرانسه: انتشارات بامیان(انجمن فرهنگ افغانستان).
Alipourkhasht, M., Jafari, H., & Alizadeh , K. (2021). The Effect of Cultivation of Medicinal Plants on Job Creatio. International Journal of Modern Agriculture,, 10(2), 24-27. Retrieved from https://www.modern-journals.com/index.php/ijma/article/view/1082
Anonymus. (2023). Afghanistan Exports of plants for pharmacy, perfume, insecticides to Iran. Retrieved from Trading Economics: https://tradingeconomics.com/afghanistan/exports/iran/plants-pharmacy-perfume-insecticides
Ariana News. (2022). Kandahar exports over 113,000 tons of dried fruits, herbs in one year:. Ariana News. Retrieved from https://www.ariananews.af/kandahar-exports-over-113000-tons-of-dried-fruits-herbs-in-one-year officials/#:~:text=More%20than%20113%2C000%20tons%20of,generated%20%24308%20million%20in%20revenue.
Astutik, S., Pretzsch, J., & Kimengsi, J. N. (2019). Asian Medicinal Plants’ Production and Utilization Potentials: A Review. Sustainability, 11(5483), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195483
Bureau, E. B. (2017). Afghanistan. Business Economics. Retrieved from https://businesseconomics.in/afghanistan
Chapman, K., & Chomchalow, N. (2005). Production of medicinal plants in Asia. Acta Hortic, 679, 54-59. doi:10.17660/ACTAHORTIC.2005.679.6
Chen, S.-L., Yu, H., Luo,, H.-M., Wu, Q., Li, C.-F., & Steinmetz , A. (2016). Conservation and sustainable use of medicinal plants: problems, progress, and prospects. Chinese Medicine, 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-016-0108-7
Clark, K. (2012). Plants of Afghanistan 1: Centre of Global Biodiversity. Retrieved from Afghanistan Analysis Network: https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/en/reports/context-culture/plants-of-afghanistan-1-centre-of-global-biodiversity/
Emran, S. E., Hosainy, S. A., & Faqiri, S. (2023). Supply and Consumption Methods of Medicinal Plants in Mazar-e-Sharif City, Afghanistan. Nangarhar University International Journal of Biosciences, 2(2), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.70436/nuijb.v2i02.44
Farnsworth, N. R., Akerele, O., Bingel, A. S., Soejarto, D. D., & Guo, Z. (1985). Medicinal plants in therapy*. Bull World Health Organ, 63(6), 965–981. Retrieved from https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2536466/
Halilu, E. M. (2022). Cultivation and Conservation of African Medicinal Plants for Pharmaceutical Research and Socio-Economic Development. In S. Kumar (Ed.), Medicinal Plants. doi:10.5772/intechopen.102637
Jeelan, S., Rather, G. A., Sharma, A., & Lattoo, S. K. (2018). In perspective: Potential medicinal plant resources of Kashmir Himalayas, their domestication and cultivation for commercial exploitation. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 8, 10-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2017.11.001
Karunamoorthi, K., Jegajeevanram, K., Vijayalakshmi , J., & Mengistie , E. (2013). Traditional Medicinal Plants: A Source of Phytotherapeutic Modality in Resource-Constrained Health Care Settings. Journal of Evidence-Based Integrative Medicine, 18(1), 67-74. doi:10.1177/2156587212460241
Kassam, K.-A., Karamkhudoeva, M., Ruelle, M., & Baumflek , M. (2010). Medicinal Plant Use and Health Sovereignty: Findings from the Tajik and Afghan Pamirs. Hum Ecol , 38, 817–829. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-010-9356-9
Lisk, F. (2017). Labour and employment creation with African resource Majidi, A. H. (2023). Medicinal Plant Diversity and Utilization in the Argo District of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, 7(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1145726
Majidi, A. H. (2023). Medicinal Plant Diversity and Utilization in the Argo District of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan. Turkish Journal of Bioscience and Collections, 7(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.26650/tjbc.1145726
Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock. (2019). Cultivation Of Medicinal Plants; Treatment Instead Of Pain. Retrieved 2023, from Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock.: https://mail.gov.af/en/node/551
MOCI. (2021). Increase in the Export of Medicinal Plants and Oils. Retrieved 2024, from Ministry of Industry and Commerce: https://moci.gov.af/en/increase-export-medicinal-plants-and-oils
Muradi, A. J., & Boz, I. (2018). The Contribution of Agriculture Sector in the Economy of Afghanistan. International Journal of Scientific and Management, 6, 750-755. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v6i10.em04
Omid, M. H. (2018). Afghan Herbs and Spices Total $144m USD In Exports. Tolo News. Retrieved 2024, from https://tolonews.com/business/afghan-herbs-and-spices-total-144m-usd-exports#:~:text=Officials%20from%20Afghanistan%20Chamber%20of,country%20over%20%24144%20million%20USD.
Ramawat, K. G., & Arora , J. (2021). Medicinal Plants Domestication, Cultivation, Improvement, and Alternative Technologies for the Production of High Value Therapeutics: An Overview. In H. M. Ekiert, K. G. Ramawat, & J. Arora (Eds.), Medicinal Plants (Vol. 28, pp. 1–29). Cham: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74779-4_1
Rezai, N. (2021). Medicinal plants; Fresh breath for economy of the country. Retrieved 2024, from Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock: https://mail.gov.af/en/node/5646
Sarwary, A. (2011). Opportunities for Economic Growth in Afghanistan. Center for conflict and peace studies of Afghanistan. Retrieved from https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/167207/Economic%20Growth%20opportunities%20in%20Afghanistan%20final.pdf
Shabbir , A., Kousar , S., & Kousar , F. (2020`). The role of natural resources in economic growth: new evidence from Pakistan. . Journal of Economics, Financeand Administrative Science, 25(50), 221-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-03-2019-0044
Sher, H., Aldosari, A., Ali, A., & Boer, H. J. (2014). Economic benefits of high value medicinal plants to Pakistani communities: an analysis of current practice and potential. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine, 10, 71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-10-71
Sofowora, A., Ogunbodede, E., & Onayade, A. (2013). The role and place of medicinal plants in the strategies for disease prevention. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 10(5), 210-29. doi:10.4314/ajtcam.v10i5.2.
Srivastava, J., Lambert, J., & Vietmeyer, N. (1996). Medicinal Plants: An Expanding Role in Development. Economic literature, 320. Washington, D.C.: World Bank - Technical Papers. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/p/fth/wobate/320.html
Vasisht , K., Sharma, N., & Karan, M. (2016). Current Perspective in the International Trade of Medicinal Plants Material: An Update. Curr Pharm Des, 22(27), 4288-336. doi:10.2174/1381612822666160607070736.
Wangchuk, P., & Tobgay, T. (2015). Contributions of medicinal plants to the Gross National Happiness and Biodiscovery in Bhutan. J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine, 11, 48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0035-1