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Abstract
Plant systematics is the scientific study of plant classification, which involves the identification, naming, and categorization of plants. This field focuses on comparing plant types and families and analyzing their relationships. The primary goal of classification is to establish a straightforward method for organizing plants. In the 19th century, classification efforts were based largely on physical characteristics, but modern scientists recognize the limitations of these purely observational and descriptive approaches. To create a comprehensive classification system, cytological, cytogenetic, anatomical, physiological, paleobotanical, and biochemical data should be incorporated. Today, additional fields such as cytotaxonomy, cytogenetics, and numerical taxonomy are employed in plant classification.
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References
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References
A.V.S.S Sambamury, A textbook of Bryophyte, Ptridophytes ,Gymnosperms and Pleolobotany. 2014, Pp 35-37.
Albach, D.C., P.S. Soltis and D.E. Soltis,. Patterns of embryological and biochemical evolution in the asterids. Syst. Bot., 2001, 26: 242-262.
B.P. Pandey, text book of Botany, 2014, Angiosperm & Economic Botany.
Baas, P., F.A. Wheeler and M.W. Chase, 2000. Dicotyledonous wood anatomy .
APG system of angiosperm classification. Bot. J. Linn. Soc., 134: 12-17.
edition.
F.Prithipalsing , plant taxonomy , past, present , and future. 2012.
Gottlieb, O.R., A.C. Kaplan and K. Kubitzki,. A suggested role of galloyl esters in the evolution of dicotyledons. Taxon, 2011, 42: 539-542.
Hegnauer, R.,. Phytochemistry and chemotaxonomy of Boraginaceae. Fl. Males., 2011 , 13: 52-55.
I.S . Rana, D.K, Vpreti, 2009, plant taxonomy and Biosystematics.
Jensen, S.R.,. Systematic implications of the distribution of iridoids and other chemical compounds in the Loganaceae and other families of the Asteridae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 2016, 79: 284-287.
Jensen, S.R., H. Franzyk and E. Wallander,. Chemotaxonomy of the Oleaceae Iridoids as taxonomic markers. Phytochemistry 2002, 60: 213-216.
Pandey , Ashok and etal. 2013 , Biofules from algae 1th edition.p.88
Singh, Gurcharn, 2012 , plant systematic, theory & practical 3rd , p.67.
.