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Abstract
Clay minerals are important in various sections of industry and are also used in the reconstruction of geological processes. Generally, clay minerals are involved in the interpretation of geological processes in sedimentary basins. As a result, materials join and are reconstructed by fine materials. Different soil layers form distinct phases and rock cycles in nature. Most diagenetic processes are also associated with clays. Clay minerals are used in industries such as the production of kaolin, paint, paper, and ceramics. Additionally, in construction projects such as roads, dams, retaining walls, airports, and filling earth with soft materials, clay minerals are needed for compaction to eliminate all pores between solid particles. When specific clay minerals, such as smectite, mix with other construction materials, the infiltration of water causes expansion, increasing volume, and after dehydration, the volume reduces. As a result, the relative construction can become damaged or eroded.
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References
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References
Abdou M. I. & Ahmed H. E. S. The Compatibility of Egyptian Bentonite during drilling shale .formations.Petrol. Sci. Technol.2011. 29 (1), 59 – 68.
Gates, W. P., et al. Mineralogy of a Bentonite from Miles, Queensland, Australia and characterization of its acid activation products. App. Clay Sci. 2002. 20 (4-5), 189 – 197.
Grim, R. & Guven, N. Bentonite: Geology, Mineralogy, Properties and Uses. Elsvier Science Publishing Co., InC., New York. 2003.
Guggenheim, S. & Martin, R. T. Definition of clay and clay mineral: Joint report of the aipea Nomenclature and cms nomenclature committees. Clay, clay miner. 2010. 43 (2), 255- 256.
Ni, J., Wei. et al. Does the Distribution of polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil particle-Size Separates Affect Their Dissipation during phytoremediation of contaminated soils. In function of Natural organic Matter in Changing Environment, Springer, Netherlands. 2013. pp, 669 – 672.
Parvinzadah, M., et al.Ultrasonic assisted finishing of cotton with nonionic softener. Polym, plast.Technol. Eng. 2010. 49, 874 – 884.
Parvinzadah, Gashi, M, & Eslami, S. Structural,optical and electromagnetic properties of aluminum clay Nanocomposites. Superlattices Microstruct. 2012.51, 135 – 148.
Rao, K. S. Strategic use of soil in war operations: the role of depression flocculation thixotropic and Plasticity of clay. Defense Sci. J. 2013. 1 (2), 192 – 204.
Saba, S. et al,. Further insight into microstructure of compacted Bentonite sand mixture. Eng. Geol. 2014. 168, 141 – 148.
Uddin, F. Clays, Nano clays, and Montmorelonite Minerals, Metall. Matter Trans. A. (2008). 39A, 2804 – 2814.