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Abstract

Lipids are major biological molecules and serve as an essential form of energy storage in animals. Lipids can be categorized into three groups: simple lipids, complex lipids, and phospholipids. The most common form of lipids is triglycerides. The lactating mammary gland is one of the most active triglyceride-synthesizing organs in the body. Triglycerides are major constituents of the milk of most mammals, providing a significant portion of the calories required for neonatal growth and a source of essential fatty acids. Milk lipids are secreted as cytoplasmic assemblies of triglyceride droplets surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and surface-associated proteins called cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs). CLDs are generated at the endoplasmic reticulum through a mechanism that is not fully understood. Adipophilin, a lipid droplet-associated protein, promotes CLD accumulation by inhibiting triglyceride lipolysis. Adipophilin is abundantly found in the mammary gland, and its size is closely related to the accumulation of CLDs.

Keywords

Adipophilin CLD Lipogenesis Lipolysis Mammary Glands Triglycerides

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Rahimi, M. (2025). Review of Lipid Synthesis in Cow’s Milk. Journal of Natural Sciences – Kabul University, 4(1), 175–181. https://doi.org/10.62810/jns.v4i1.204
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