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Abstract
The honey bee is a social insect that plays a crucial role in human life. Honey bee products include honey, pollen, wax, royal jelly, venom, and propolis, which are used daily by humans. In addition to producing these valuable products, the honey bee is the most important pollinator, increasing the quality and quantity of both agricultural and non-agricultural plant fertility through its pollination activities. This review discusses the role of honey bees in enhancing the quality and quantity of plants, conserving biodiversity, and providing food for ecological strains, which are essential for the conservation and maintenance of ecosystems. It also suggests that the absence of honey bees could lead to serious problems and ecosystem damage.
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References
- Abrol, Dharam P. (2012). Non Bee Pollinators-Plant Interaction. Pollination Biology. Chapter 9. pp 265-310. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1942-2_9. ISBN 978-94-007-1941-5.
- Barcala, M. C. E., Palottini, F., and Farina, W. M. (2019). Honey bee and native solitary bee foraging behavior in a crop with dimorphic parental lines. PloS one, 14 (10).
- Calderone, N. W. (2012). Insect pollinated crops, insect pollinators and US agriculture: trend analysis of aggregate data for the period 1992–2009. PloS one, 7 (5), e37235.
- Campbell, Neil A., and Reece, Jane B. (2002). Biology (6th edition). Pearson Education. pp 600–612.
- Caron, D. M., and Connor, L. J. (2013). Honey bee biology and beekeeping. Wicwas press. Kalamazoo.
- Chagnon, M., Gingras, J., and DeOliveira, D. (1993). Complementary Aspects of Strawberry Pollination by Honey and IndigenQus Bees (Hymenoptera). Journal of Economic Entomology, 86 (2), pp 416-420.
- Chapin Iii, F. S., Zavaleta, E. S., Eviner, V. T., Naylor, R. L., Vitousek, P. M., Reynolds, H. L., and Mack, M. C. (2000). Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature, 405 (6783), 234.
- Cheung, A. Y., Wang, H., and Wu, H. (1995). "A floral transmitting tissue-specific glycoprotein attracts pollen tubes and stimulates their growth". Cell, 82 (3), pp 383-393.
- Conte, Y. L., and Navajas, M. (2008). Climate change: Impact on honey bee populations and diseases. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics). 27 (2), pp 485-97, 499-510.
- Degrandi-Hoffman, G., Hoopingarner, R., and Klomparens, K. (1986). Influence of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in-hive pollen transfer on cross-pollination and fruit set in apple. Environmental entomology, 15 (3), pp 723-725.
- Di Pasquale, G., Salignon, M., Le Conte, Y., Belzunces, L. P., Decourtye, A., Kretzschmar, A., and Alaux, C. (2013). Influence of pollen nutrition on honey bee health: do pollen quality and diversity matter?. PloS one, 8 (8), e72016.
- Donkersley, P. (2019). Trees for bees. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 270, pp 79-83.
- Duan, Q., Kita, D., Johnson, E. A., Aggarwal, M., Gates, L., Wu, H., and Cheung, A. Y. (2014). "Reactive oxygen species mediate pollen tube rupture to release sperm for fertilization in Arabidopsis". Nature Communications. 5, 3129.
- Garibaldi, L. A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Winfree, R., Aizen, M. A., Bommarco, R., Cunningham, S. A., and Bartomeus, I. (2013). Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey bee abundance. Science, 339 (6127), pp 1608-1611.
- Geslin, B., Gauzens, B., Baude, M., Dajoz, I., Fontaine, C., Henry, M., and Vereecken, N. J. (2017). Massively introduced managed species and their consequences for plant–pollinator interactions. In Advances in Ecological Research. Vol 57, pp 147-199. Academic Press.
- Hackett, K. J. (2004). Bee benefits to agriculture. Agricultural Research, 52(3), p2.
- Hegland, S. J., and Totland. (2005). Relationships between species’ floral traits and pollinator visitation in a temperate grassland. Oecologia, 145 (4), pp 586-594.
- Heywood, V. H., and Watson, R. T. (1995). Global biodiversity assessment (Vol. 1140). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Hung, K. L. J., Kingston, J. M., Albrecht, M., Holway, D. A., & Kohn, J. R. (2018). The worldwide importance of honey bee as pollinators in natural habitats. Proceeding of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 285 (1870).
- James, R., James, R. R., & Pitts – Singer, T. L. (2008). Bee pollination in agricultural ecosystems. Oxford University Press in Demand.
- Kamil, A. C., Krebs, J. R., and Pulliam, H. R. (2012). Foraging behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
- Lautenbach, S. (2019). Provisioning Ecosystem Services at Risk: Pollination Benefits and Pollination Dependency of Cropping Systems at the Global Scale. In Atlas of Ecosystem Services. pp 97-104. Springer, Cham.
- Loos, J., Batáry, P., Grass, I., Westphal, C., Bänsch, S., Baillod, A. B., and Tscharntke, T. (2019). Vulnerability of ecosystem services in farmland depends on landscape management. In Atlas of Ecosystem Services. pp 91-96. Springer, Cham.
- Ollerton, J., Winfree, R., and Tarrant, S. (2011). How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals? Oikos, 120 (3), pp 321-326.
- Osborne, J. L., Williams, I. H., Carreck, N. L., Poppy, G. M., Riley, J. R., Smith, A. D., and Edwards, A. S. (1996). Harmonic radar: a new technique for investigating bumblebee and honey bee foraging flight. In VII International Symposium on Pollination 437, pp 159-164
- Ramirez, F., and Davenport, T. L. (2013). Apple pollination: a review. Scientia Horticulturae, 162, pp 188-203.
- Rodríguez-Gironés, Miguel A., and Santamaría, Luis (2004). "Why are so many bird flowers red?” PLoS Biology. 2 (10): e306. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020350
- Stephens, D. W., Brown, J. S., and Ydenberg, R. C. (2008). Foraging: behavior and ecology. University of Chicago Press.
- Vivian, M., and Butz, H. (1997). Ecological Impacts of Introduced Honey Bees. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 72 (3), pp 275-297.
- Wells, H., and Wells, P. H. (1983). Honey bee foraging ecology: optimal diet, minimal uncertainty or individual constancy. The Journal of Animal Ecology, pp 829-836.
- Winston, M. L. (1987). The biology of the honey bee. Harvard University press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. London, England.
- Woodcock, B. A., Garratt, M. P. D., Powney, G. D., Shaw, R. F., Osborne, J. L., Soroka, J., and Jauker, F. (2019). Meta-analysis reveals that pollinator functional diversity and abundance enhance crop pollination and yield. Nature communications, 10 (1), p 1481.
References
Abrol, Dharam P. (2012). Non Bee Pollinators-Plant Interaction. Pollination Biology. Chapter 9. pp 265-310. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1942-2_9. ISBN 978-94-007-1941-5.
Barcala, M. C. E., Palottini, F., and Farina, W. M. (2019). Honey bee and native solitary bee foraging behavior in a crop with dimorphic parental lines. PloS one, 14 (10).
Calderone, N. W. (2012). Insect pollinated crops, insect pollinators and US agriculture: trend analysis of aggregate data for the period 1992–2009. PloS one, 7 (5), e37235.
Campbell, Neil A., and Reece, Jane B. (2002). Biology (6th edition). Pearson Education. pp 600–612.
Caron, D. M., and Connor, L. J. (2013). Honey bee biology and beekeeping. Wicwas press. Kalamazoo.
Chagnon, M., Gingras, J., and DeOliveira, D. (1993). Complementary Aspects of Strawberry Pollination by Honey and IndigenQus Bees (Hymenoptera). Journal of Economic Entomology, 86 (2), pp 416-420.
Chapin Iii, F. S., Zavaleta, E. S., Eviner, V. T., Naylor, R. L., Vitousek, P. M., Reynolds, H. L., and Mack, M. C. (2000). Consequences of changing biodiversity. Nature, 405 (6783), 234.
Cheung, A. Y., Wang, H., and Wu, H. (1995). "A floral transmitting tissue-specific glycoprotein attracts pollen tubes and stimulates their growth". Cell, 82 (3), pp 383-393.
Conte, Y. L., and Navajas, M. (2008). Climate change: Impact on honey bee populations and diseases. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics). 27 (2), pp 485-97, 499-510.
Degrandi-Hoffman, G., Hoopingarner, R., and Klomparens, K. (1986). Influence of honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in-hive pollen transfer on cross-pollination and fruit set in apple. Environmental entomology, 15 (3), pp 723-725.
Di Pasquale, G., Salignon, M., Le Conte, Y., Belzunces, L. P., Decourtye, A., Kretzschmar, A., and Alaux, C. (2013). Influence of pollen nutrition on honey bee health: do pollen quality and diversity matter?. PloS one, 8 (8), e72016.
Donkersley, P. (2019). Trees for bees. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 270, pp 79-83.
Duan, Q., Kita, D., Johnson, E. A., Aggarwal, M., Gates, L., Wu, H., and Cheung, A. Y. (2014). "Reactive oxygen species mediate pollen tube rupture to release sperm for fertilization in Arabidopsis". Nature Communications. 5, 3129.
Garibaldi, L. A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Winfree, R., Aizen, M. A., Bommarco, R., Cunningham, S. A., and Bartomeus, I. (2013). Wild pollinators enhance fruit set of crops regardless of honey bee abundance. Science, 339 (6127), pp 1608-1611.
Geslin, B., Gauzens, B., Baude, M., Dajoz, I., Fontaine, C., Henry, M., and Vereecken, N. J. (2017). Massively introduced managed species and their consequences for plant–pollinator interactions. In Advances in Ecological Research. Vol 57, pp 147-199. Academic Press.
Hackett, K. J. (2004). Bee benefits to agriculture. Agricultural Research, 52(3), p2.
Hegland, S. J., and Totland. (2005). Relationships between species’ floral traits and pollinator visitation in a temperate grassland. Oecologia, 145 (4), pp 586-594.
Heywood, V. H., and Watson, R. T. (1995). Global biodiversity assessment (Vol. 1140). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hung, K. L. J., Kingston, J. M., Albrecht, M., Holway, D. A., & Kohn, J. R. (2018). The worldwide importance of honey bee as pollinators in natural habitats. Proceeding of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 285 (1870).
James, R., James, R. R., & Pitts – Singer, T. L. (2008). Bee pollination in agricultural ecosystems. Oxford University Press in Demand.
Kamil, A. C., Krebs, J. R., and Pulliam, H. R. (2012). Foraging behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
Lautenbach, S. (2019). Provisioning Ecosystem Services at Risk: Pollination Benefits and Pollination Dependency of Cropping Systems at the Global Scale. In Atlas of Ecosystem Services. pp 97-104. Springer, Cham.
Loos, J., Batáry, P., Grass, I., Westphal, C., Bänsch, S., Baillod, A. B., and Tscharntke, T. (2019). Vulnerability of ecosystem services in farmland depends on landscape management. In Atlas of Ecosystem Services. pp 91-96. Springer, Cham.
Ollerton, J., Winfree, R., and Tarrant, S. (2011). How many flowering plants are pollinated by animals? Oikos, 120 (3), pp 321-326.
Osborne, J. L., Williams, I. H., Carreck, N. L., Poppy, G. M., Riley, J. R., Smith, A. D., and Edwards, A. S. (1996). Harmonic radar: a new technique for investigating bumblebee and honey bee foraging flight. In VII International Symposium on Pollination 437, pp 159-164
Ramirez, F., and Davenport, T. L. (2013). Apple pollination: a review. Scientia Horticulturae, 162, pp 188-203.
Rodríguez-Gironés, Miguel A., and Santamaría, Luis (2004). "Why are so many bird flowers red?” PLoS Biology. 2 (10): e306. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020350
Stephens, D. W., Brown, J. S., and Ydenberg, R. C. (2008). Foraging: behavior and ecology. University of Chicago Press.
Vivian, M., and Butz, H. (1997). Ecological Impacts of Introduced Honey Bees. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 72 (3), pp 275-297.
Wells, H., and Wells, P. H. (1983). Honey bee foraging ecology: optimal diet, minimal uncertainty or individual constancy. The Journal of Animal Ecology, pp 829-836.
Winston, M. L. (1987). The biology of the honey bee. Harvard University press. Cambridge, Massachusetts. London, England.
Woodcock, B. A., Garratt, M. P. D., Powney, G. D., Shaw, R. F., Osborne, J. L., Soroka, J., and Jauker, F. (2019). Meta-analysis reveals that pollinator functional diversity and abundance enhance crop pollination and yield. Nature communications, 10 (1), p 1481.