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Abstract
Urinary diseases are among the most prevalent health issues in dogs. Various diagnostic methods, including radiography, ultrasonography, and hematology, are used for diseases affecting the urinary system. However, in many cases, the role of urinary parameters in urine samples is overlooked. This research examines urine samples from four dogs in different conditions: normal state, 0 hours after stress, 3 hours after stress, and 6 hours after stress. The results demonstrate a significantly higher amount of protein in the urine samples of stressed animals compared to normal animals. Other parameters, such as ketones, glucose, urobilinogen, pH, and specific gravity, were also elevated compared to normal animals. These findings suggest that stress can affect urinary parameters, which should be considered during laboratory examinations.
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References
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References
Asres A, and Amha N. Effect of stress on animal health: a review. Journal of biology, agriculture and healthcare. 2014; 4 (27), pp 116-122. Available from: ISSN (Paper) 2224-3208 ISSN (Online) 2225-093X
Birchard, SS. Patient management: History and physical examination. In: Birchard SJ and Sherding RG. Editors. Small animal Saunders. Philadelphia: W.B Saounders; 2000. P 1-6.
Carrasco GA, Van de Kar LD. Neuroendocrine pharmacology of stress. Eur. J. Pharmacol.2000; 463 (28), pp 235-272. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0014-2999(03)01285-8
Chew D J, and DiBartola S P. Interpretation of canine and feline urinalysis. Del; the Gloyd Group, Wilmingon. 2004. P 16-21.
Dennis JC and Stephen P.D DiBartola. Interpretation of Canine and Feline Urinalysis. PURINA; Nestle Clinical Hand Book Series. 2004. Pp 1-40.
Herman JP, Cullinan WE. Neurocircuitry of stress: central control of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Trends Neurosci. 1997; 20 (2), pp 78-84. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-2236(96)10069-2.
Parrah JD, Moulvi BA, Gazi MA, Makhdoomi DM, Athar H, Merahu UD., Dar S, and Mir AQ. Importance of urinalysis in veterinary practice-A review. Vet, World. 2013; 6 (9), pp 640-646. Available from: doi: 10.14202/vetworld. 2013.640-646.
Stephen PD. 2010. ClinicalApproach and Laboratory Evaluation of Renal Disease. In: Ettinger SJ, Feldman EC. Editors. Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 7thedn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company.2010. pp 1961-1966.
Ulrich-Lai YM, and Herman JP. Neural regulation of endocrine and autonomic stress responses. Nat. Rev. Neurosci.2009; 10 (6), pp 397-409. Available from: doi: 10.1038/nrn2647