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Abstract
This paper presents a study of the challenges in producing metallic hydrogen and its potential uses. Scientists have been attempting to create metallic hydrogen for decades, but no one has yet managed to provide incontrovertible evidence of success. In 2012, scientists predicted that a new type of high-pressure test chamber could be used to compress hydrogen to 51 GPa, potentially transforming it into the fabled metallic hydrogen. This research could advance planetary science and lead to the development of new materials. It is believed that metallic hydrogen possesses superconducting properties at room temperature and is metastable (meaning it would retain its solid form when brought back to normal pressure). Under normal conditions (without high pressure), the energy between conductive lines and the hydrogen's capacity is 11 electron volts. However, when high pressure is applied, the molecules compress, and the energy decreases to 0.9 electron volts, causing the gas to become metallic. Scientists believe that metallic hydrogen could be used as fuel or as a source of chemical energy for rockets.
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References
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References
Ashcroft, N. W. (1968). "Metallic Hydrogen: A High-Temperature Superconductor?” Physical Review Letters.
Atkins. (2006). Physical Chemistry.8th Edition. printed by Oxford University and New York press .pp 40-106
Atkins. (2002). Physical Chemistry, 7th Edition .printed by Oxford University, New York, pp 200-236
Atkins. (1998). Physical Chemistry 6th Edition .printed by Oxford University, New York press. pp 25-40
Atkins. (1994). Physical Chemistry 5th Edition .printed in the United States of America press USA.pp .320
Chang, Kenneth (16 August 2018). "Settling Arguments about Hydrogen with 168 Giant Lasers". The New York Times. Retrieved 18 August 2018.
Crane, L. (26 January 2017). "Metallic hydrogen finally made in lab at mind-boggling pressure".
Dias, R. P.; Silvera, I. F. (2017) "Observation of the Wigner-Huntington transition to metallic hydrogen".
Emsley, John. (2001). Nature's Building Blocks. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp 183–191. ISBN 0-19-850341-5.
Guillot, T. Stevenson, D. J.; Hubbard, W. B.; Salmon, D. (2004). "Chapter 3: The Interior of Jupiter. Cambridge University Press. ISBN. 0-521-818-8-7.
Winter, Mark. “Hydrogen: historical information”. Web Elements Ltd, 2007. Archived from the original on 25 December 2012. Retrieved 2008-02-05.
Zurek, E.; et al. (2009). "A little bit of lithium does a lot for hydrogen". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (42): 17640-3.